Tobacco, Vaping, Marijuana And CBD Flashcards
What is vaping?
The act of inhaling and exhaling an aerosol or vapor made from a liquid or dry material that is heated in an electronic powered device called an electronic cigarette
What are some of the benefits of vaping?
Less expensive, tastes better, fingers no longer stink and stains slowly disappear, teeth get whiter, overall looks improve, sense of smell and taste imrpove, social interactions increase, dont need to go outside for a smoke break, causes less damage to the lungs, can help ppl stop smoking cigarettes
Is vaping safe?
Not considered safe for teens and YA esp since the adolescent brain is still developing and taking in these substances may be harmful; also some vape devices may explode resulting in burns and other injuries
Is it true that vapes only contain water vapor?
No, most contain and release a number of potentially toxic substances including metals and volatile organic compounds, some of which have been linked to cell and DNA damage
Can vaping help you quit smoking?
Although using e-cigarettes as a way to stop smoking may work for adults, teens and YA who vape are almsot 4x as likley to begin smoking traditional cigarettes as those who dont smoke
What is the function of the prefrontal cortex?
Drives executive function which includes differentiating between conflicting thoughts, recognizing good vs bad, anticipating consequences/outcomes based on current actions, activies and urges, motivation needed to work toward a defined goal
Why are adolescents more vulnerable to initiation to drugs and subsequent addiction?
Age of increased risk taking, impulsivity and novelty seeking behavior due to incomplete development of the prefrontal cortex
Nicotine has not been associated with what?
Liver test abnormalities or with clincally apparent hepatotoxicity
What is the fatal adult dose of nicotine?
60mg
How does nicotine interfere with maturation of the prefrontal cortex?
Neuroplasticity is impaired which leads to alterations in gene expression, cell structure, intracellular signaling, synaptic pruning (removing redundant connections) and axon myelination
What are the effects of nicotine on the adolescent prefrontal cortex?
Causes long term cognitive impairment affecting both accuracy and impulse control, decreased memory and attention, behavioral disturbances later in life such as SUD and mental health problems
What are the physiological affects of marijuana?
Altered sense (ex. Seeing brighter colors), altered sense of time, changes in mood, impaired body movement, difficulty with thinking and problem solving, impaired memory, hallucinations, delusions and psychosis (when taken in high doses)
What is the psycho-active compound of marijuana?
THC (delta 8 and 9)
Where is the CB1 receptor expressed and what are its effects?
Expressed in the CNS and has psychoactive effects
Where is the CB2 receptor expressed?
Expressed in the immune system and hematopoietic cells
What is the active but not psychoactive component of cannabinoids?
Cannabidiol
What factors play a role in testing for marijuana use?
Your individual metabolism, how often marijuana is consumed, BMI (the higher the longer it takes), how strong is the consumed marijuana, how much is consumed, which drug test is done
How can you pass a drug test naturally?
Drink lots of water, get some exercise, eat green leafy vegetables, drink lemon juice, skip eating junk food and red meat, opt to drink tea, eat lots of food with healthy fiber, abstain and test yourself
What is dronabinol?
Orally administered synthetic delta-9 THC —> analgesia, appetite enhancement, muscle relaxation and hormonal actions mediated by CB1 receptors with peak effects in 2-4 hours
What are the psychological effects of dronabinol?
Affective (euphoria, easy laughter), sensory (increased perception of external stimuli, own body), somatic (feeling of body floating or sinking in bed), cognitive (altered time perception, memory lapses, etc)
What are the indications for dronabinol?
Anorexia in AIDS pts, chemotherapy-induced N/V; off label use for moderate to severe OSA
What is nabilone?
THC capsule approved for chemotherapy induced N/V
What are the adverse effects of marijuana?
Affects judgement and coordination thereby increasing risk for accidents, sedation, bloodshot eyes, depression, dizziness, tachycardia, hypotension, hallucinations, dry mouth
What are some conditions with evidence of cannabis efficacy?
Chronic pain (esp for neuropathic pain), N/V, stimulating appepite during cancer or HIV anorexia and cachexia, MS (helpful for spasiticty, associated pain and bladder function), anxiety (and maybe PTSD); some/limited evidence for sleep quality and tourette’s syndrome
For which conditions is there a lack of efficacy for cannabis?
Acute pain, tremor in MS, Huntington’s dz, glaucoma (other drugs are better), schizophrenia, depression, and slowing cancer cell growth
What is the oral bioavailability of CBD?
6% due to significant first pass metabolism; has poor aqueous solubility -> to erratic absorption from GI tract; aerosolized inhaled CBD has higher bioavailability
Where does CBD accumulate in the body?
Rapidly distributes and has a high volume of distribution but accumulates in adipose tissue
CBD is extensively metabolized by what?
In the liver by 7 CYPs primarily CYP3A4 and CYP2C19
What are some therapeutic applications for CBD?
Alzheimer dz, N/V, fragile X syndrome, skin diseases, CBD tampons for menstrual pain, anxiety/depression
What are the adverse reactions of CBD in humans?
No cardiovascular effects and generally well tolerated; increased drowsiness, fatigue, decreased appetite, diarrhea, anemia, infections, etc have been seen (with Epidiolex); dont produce psychoactive effects, no potential for abuse, no tolerance or withdrawal
What is epidiolex?
An oral CBD solution approved by the FDA as a schedule V drug for tx of rare childhood epilepsies in people 2 years of age or older (Lennox-Gastuat syndrome and Dravet syndrome)
What is the toxicology for CBD?
No effect on embryonic development, no effect on a wide range of physiological and biochemical parameters, no evidence of abuse potential or dependence, effects on immune system are unclear, some potential for drug drug interactions through inhibiton of some CYP450 enzymes
What should be monitored when taking Epidiolex?
Look for evidence of liver toxicity and suicidal ideation
