Drugs Of Abuse Flashcards
What is abstinence syndrome?
The signs and sx that occur on withdrawal of a drug in a dependent person
What is addiction?
Compulsive drug using behavior in which the person uses the drug for personal satisfaction often in the face of known risks to health
What is a controlled substance?
A drug deemed to have abuse liability that is listed on governmental schedules of controlled substances; such schedules categorize illicit drugs, control prescribing practices, and mandate penalties for illegal possession, manufacture and sale of listed drugs
What is dependence?
A state characterized by signs and sx frequently in the opposie of those caused by a drug, when it is withdrawn from chronic use or when the dose is abruptly lowered
What is a designer drug?
A synthetic derivative of a drug, with slightly modified structure but no major change in pharmacodynamic action; circumvention of the schedules of controlled drugs in a motivation for the illicit synthesis of designer drugs
What is tolerance?
A decreased response to a drug necessitating larger doses to achieve the same effect; can result from increased disposition of the drug (metabolic tolerance), an ability to compensate for the effects of a drug (behavioral tolerance) or changes in receptor or effector systems involved in drug actions (functional tolerance)
What is sensitization?
An increase in response with repetition of the same dose of the drug (dose response curve shifts to the left)
What is withdrawal?
Adaptive changes that become fully apparent once drug exposure is terminated; generally due to readapation of the CNS to the absence of the drug of dependence; withdrawal is the evidence of physical dependence
What is the criteria for schedule I drugs?
No medical use; high addiction potential
What is the criteria for schedule II drugs?
Medical use; high addiction potential
What is the criteria for schedule III drugs?
Medical use; moderate abuse potential
What is the criteria for schedule IV drugs?
Medical use; low abuse potential
Which painkillers are commonly abused?
Codeine, fentanyl, morphine, hydrocodone, oxycodone
Which anti-depressants are commonly abused?
Diazepam, alprazolam, citalopram, zolpidem and zaleplon
Which stimulants are commonly abused?
Adderal, dexedrine, methylphenidate, desoxyn, destrostat
Which drugs are used to treat dependence and addiction?
Opioid receptor antagonist (naloxone, naltrexone), synthetic opioid (methadone), partial mu opioid receptor agonist (buprenorphine), nicotinic receptor partial agonist (varenicline/chantix), benzos (oxazepam, lorazepam), receptor antagonist (acamprosate)
Which drugs are used in the treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome?
Diazepam (valium), lorazepam (ativan), oxazepam, thiamine (B1)
Which drugs are used for the prevention of alcohol abuse?
Acamprosate (reduces the desire to drink alcohol), disulfiram (antabuse), naltrexone
Which drugs are used for the tx of acute methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning?
Ethanol and fomepizole
What can dronabinol be used for?
N/V, for marijaunna abuse
What are the overdose effects of barbituates, benzos and ethanol?
Slurred speech, drunken behavior, dilated pupils, weak and rapid pulse, clammy skin, shallow respiration, coma and death
What are the withdrawal sx of barbiturates, benzos and ethanol?
Anxiety, insomnia, delirium, tremors, seizures and death
What are the overdose effects of heroin and other strong opioids?
Constricted pupils, clammy skin, nausea, drowsiness, respiratory depression, coma, death
What are the withdrawal sx of heroin and other strong opioids?
Nausea, chills, cramps, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, hyperpnea, tremor
What are examples of drugs that are abused but not necessarily addictive?
LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, PCP (phencyclidine), ketamine
What are the long term effects of PCP?
May lead to irreversible schizophrenia like psychosis
What are the long term effects of LSD?
Can cause flashbacks of altered perception years after consumption
How much pure alcohol does a standard drink contain?
0.6 ounces (14g or 1.2 tablespoons)
How much is a standard drink of beer?
12 ounce beer (5% alcohol content)
How much is a standard drink of malt liquor?
8 oz (7% alcohol content)
How much is a standard drink of wine?
5 oz (12% alcohol content)
How much is a standard drink of distlilled spirits (gin, rum, vodka, whiskey)?
1.5 oz of 80-proof (40% alcohol content)
How long does 1 oz of alcohol take to metabolize?
1 hour (ex. Six 1 oz whiskey shots takes 6 hour to metabolize)
What is binge drinking for women?
4 or more drinks during a single occassion
What is binge drinking for men?
5 or more drinks during a single occassion
What is considered heavy drinking for women?
8 or more drinks per week
What is considered heavy drinking for men?
15 or more drinks per week
What is the clinical effect of a BAC of 50-100?
Sedation, subjective “high”, slower reaction times
What is the clinical effect of a BAC of 100-200?
Impaired motor function, slurred speech, ataxia
What is the clinical effect of a BAC of 200-300?
Emesis, stupor
What is the clinical effect of a BAC of 300-400?
Coma
What is the clinical effect of a BAC of >500?
Respiratory depression and death
What BAC is sufficient for the convinction of driving while under the influence?
BAC above 80-100 for adults or 10mg for persons under 21
