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PJ1310 Science Of Medicines Yr1 > Titrations > Flashcards

Titrations Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a titration

A

Lab method used for quan analysis

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2
Q

Why titration

A

Determine unidentified concentrations of known analyte

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3
Q

Volumetric analysis

A

Volume measurement

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4
Q

Titrant

A

Slow addition of one solution of known concentration

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5
Q

Why in pharmacy

A

Content analysis of active ingredients/ drugs and raw materials can be performed easily quickly reproducible and accurate

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6
Q

Pharmaceutical applications

A

Pharm compounds are weak acids/bases that can be analysed by aqueous/ non aqueous titration

Eg salicylic acid/ caffeine
Amino acids

Assay of drugs- weak chromophore

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7
Q

Karl fischer titration

A

Find water content
Based on oxidation reaction of iodine and sulphur
Endpoint when all water used up

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8
Q

Volumetric titration

A

Suitable to determine water content down to 1 %
End point potentiometrically

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9
Q

Coulometric determination

A

Endpoint detected electrochemically

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10
Q

How do pharm use titration

A

Determine unknown of chem in blood and urine
Development of new pharmaceutical
Determine fat content water and vitamins

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11
Q

Titrant

A

Reagent of known standard concentration added ro solution containing analyte
We measure its volume
(In the burrette)

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12
Q

Analyte

A

Solution of unknown
In beaker

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13
Q

Role of Indicator

A

Added to analyte solution to indicate end point by change in colour

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14
Q

Equivalence point

A

Mixture with stoichiometrically equivalent amount of titrant and analyte

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15
Q

End point

A

Point in titration when we stop adding titrant

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16
Q

Titration error

A

Error due to difference between end point and the equivalence

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17
Q

Acid base titration

A

Acidic or basic titrant reacts with an analyts thats is a base or an acid

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18
Q

Complexometric titration

A

Metal/ligand reaction

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19
Q

Redox titrations

A

Oxidising or reducing titrants reacts with an analyte

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20
Q

Precipitation titration

A

Titrant reacts with an analyte to form a precipitate

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21
Q

Back titration/ reverse titration

A

endpoint hard to identify
Excess volume another reactant with known conc

excess titrated

22
Q

What is an Acid base titration used for

A

Used for analysis of organic compounds eg pharmaceuticals/ agricultural/ and environment labs
Kjedahl method

23
Q

Primary standard

A

Pure and stable chemical compounds used to standardise the standard solution in titration

24
Q

Standardisation of acidic and basic titrants

A

Standardising achieved by titrating known volume of titrants with other titrant of EXACT concentration

25
Q

How does phenophthalein work

A

Weak acid which dissociates in water forming pink anions

26
Q

How do Acid base indicators work

A

Weak acids bases
Dissolved in water dissociates slightly and form ions

27
Q

Equilibrium in acid and alkaline conditions

A

Acid left
Alkaline right

28
Q

Titration curve

A

Graph showing progress of titration as a function of volume of titrant added

29
Q

Requirements for acid base titration

A

Substances react quickly and completely in precise stoichiometric quantities

30
Q

Amount of solute in moles

A

Conc in mol/dm3
X
Volume dm3

31
Q

Molarity (base) x volume (base)

A

Molarity (acid) x volume (acid)

32
Q

Complexometric titration

A

Complexation reaction between analyte and titrant

33
Q

What is a comp recation limited to

A

Metals that only form a single stable complex
Based on lewis/base reaction

34
Q

Example of complexo reaction

A

EDTA forming a strong 1:1 complex with many metal ions

35
Q

Use of complexo in pharma

A

Determine metal content of drugs

36
Q

EDTA

A

Provides e- and has 6 binding sites
Forma stable metal ligand complex
1:1 stoichiometry

37
Q

Limitation of EDTA

A

EDTA complex less stables as ph decreases and end point less distinct

38
Q

Properties of Metal ion indicator

A

Compound changes colour when binding to a metal ion

MUST bund weaker than EDTA
+
Release metal ion to EDTA

39
Q

Determination of endpoint in complexo titrations with EDTA

A

Metal ion indicator
Mercury electrode
Ph electrode
Ion selective electrode

40
Q

What is redox reaction based on

A

Oxidaton/ reduction between analyts and titrant

41
Q

Redox titration indicators

A

Diphenylamine

42
Q

Monitor for redox

A

Electrochemical potential

43
Q

Pharma analysis for redox

A

Determine conc of VLGH in pure medicines and tablets

44
Q

Precipitation titration

A

Analyt + titrant form insoluble precipitate

45
Q

Mohr method

A

Cl- using AG as titrant = reddish Ag2CrO = end point

46
Q

What can precipitation in a reaction be used as

A

Visual indicator
Determine salt content in water

47
Q

Back titration

A

no suitable sensor available / too slow for direct practical titration

48
Q

Process of back titration

A

Volumetric analysis EXCESS reagent added

Unreacted reagent determined by titration = amount of substance in original test solution to be calculated

49
Q

Pharm analysis of back titration

A

Determine amount if acetylsalicylic acid in aspirin

50
Q

Positives of titrimetric analysis

A

Precise and accurate
Robust and reasonable priced equipment
Manual or automated analysis
Cheap

51
Q

Limitations of titrimetric analysis

A

Non selective
Time consuming
Large amount of sample
Analyte must be reactive

PJ1310 Science Of Medicines Yr1 (15 decks)

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