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PJ1310 Science Of Medicines Yr1 > Metabolism and Elimination > Flashcards

Metabolism and Elimination Flashcards

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1
Q

what is elimination

A

drug excreted or metabolised to some other form

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2
Q

Different ways in which drugs can be excreted

A

urine/ bile/ expired air/ milk/ sweat saliva

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3
Q

how are drugs eliminated

A

through more than one route, they are metabolised

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4
Q

where does excretion occur

A

kidney

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5
Q

where does metabolism occur

A

liver

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6
Q

what is the definition of clearance

A

apparent volume of blood cleared of drug per unit time

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7
Q

what does clearance describe

A

How fast the Irreversible reaction of removal of drug from systemic circulation happens

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8
Q

what is clarifictaion for clearance of drug

A

drug could still be in body but had already been metabolised

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9
Q

what is the equation for clearance

A

c= elimination rate/ plasma drug concentration

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10
Q

what can the free unbound drug be eliminated by

A

metabolism/kidneys to urine/bile ducts to duodenum

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11
Q

what is hepatic elimination

A

foreign bodies removed unchanged with no metabolite alteration via biliary removal

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12
Q

Recall the process of biliary elimination starting from liver

A

liver -bile ducts - gall bladder - duodenum - faeces

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13
Q

what are xenobiotics and give examples

A

foreign bodies such as pesticides, food additives, industrial chemicals

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14
Q

how does human body detoxify chemicals

A

cytochrome p450

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15
Q

are lipophilic xenobiotics elimiated by kidney

A

no

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16
Q

can lipophilic molecules be excreted if not metabolised

A

no

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17
Q

what are the two phases of drug biotransformation

A

1 -increase polrity of compound
2- increase polarity of comp again

18
Q

what is a phase 1 reaction

A

catabolic breakdown

19
Q

what is phase 2 raction

A

anabolic buildup

20
Q

give examplesof phase 1 reaction

A

oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

21
Q

give examples of phase two recations

A

sulphation/ glucuronidation/acetylation/methylation

22
Q

where do phase 1 reactions occur

A

SER in hepatocytes

23
Q

where do phase 2 reactions occur

A

cytosol of hepatocyte

24
Q

how do you name genes

A

first gene name- family-subfamily- gene no. on aa sequence

25
Q

which CYPs are essentil for drug metabolism

A

1/2/3

26
Q

what is the functoinal unit of kidney and what does it do

A

nephron- filters blood

27
Q

how are drugs excreted in urine

A

collecting duct -renal - pelvis - ureter

28
Q

why is there no such thing as standard dose

A

differences in absorption rates/metabolism and elimination

29
Q

what is the therapeutic range

A

differnec between minimum EFFECTIVE conc and minimum TOXIC conc

30
Q

what does therapeutic range provide

A

indictaion whether drug monitoring is needed

31
Q

what drugs a large therapeutic window mean

A

nontoxic

32
Q

what does a reasonable therap windiw mean

A

medium toxicity

33
Q

what does a narrow therap wndow mean

A

highly toxic

34
Q

what is the true dose

A

dose that will have desired effect

35
Q

what will the true dose depend on

A

dissolution, absorption, ability to survive metabolism

36
Q

what can affect metabolism and how

A

liver/old age/ drug interactions / inhibtion= reduced
liver enzyme induction= increased

37
Q

what is the connection between half life, metabolism and dose

A

with a reduced metabolism, half life increased so dose decreases

38
Q

what is the connection between half life excretion and dose

A

reduced excretion- increased hald life - lower dose

39
Q

which is more lipid liking hydrogen or hydroxide

A

hydrogen

40
Q

whihc is more lipid liking, methanol or hydroxide

A

methanol

PJ1310 Science Of Medicines Yr1 (15 decks)

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