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PJ1310 Science Of Medicines Yr1 > Acid And Bases > Flashcards

Acid And Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What theories do we have about acids + bases

A

Bronzed lowry+ Lewis

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2
Q

What is the definition of bl acid

A

Proton donor

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3
Q

What does HCL donate

A

H+ ions

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4
Q

What does Socium hydroxide accept

A

H+

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5
Q

What can act as a h+ donor

A

Nitric acid donating to ammonia

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6
Q

What do all bl acids contain

A

A proton

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7
Q

What does all bronsted lowry bases contain

A

Lone pair of electrons or double bond
Cannot be positive

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8
Q

What can morphine act as chemically

A

Acidic and basic

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9
Q

What are amino acids known as

A

Zwitterions

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10
Q

In an amino acid what is the base and what is the acid

A

Base - amine
Carboxylic acid - acid

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11
Q

How do we determine acid strength

A

Looking at tendency of donating proton , dissociating quickly

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12
Q

How is acidity measured

A

Equilibrium constant

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13
Q

How do we determine if a base is strong/ weak

A

How readily it can accept proton

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14
Q

List some properties of acids

A

Conduct electricity in water
React with metals to make h2 gas
Indicators
React with hydroxide to form water and salt

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15
Q

How does weak/strong acid affect conductivity

A

Stronger acid =stronger conductivity

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16
Q

List properties of bases

A

In water conduct electricity
React with acids to neutralise

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17
Q

How do you calculate Keq

A

Products / starting materials

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18
Q

What is pka

A

Negative log of ka

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19
Q

How do you calculate -logka

A

Negative log on calculator

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20
Q

How do you know if a base/acid strong or weak USING NUMBERS

A

5 strong
50 weak

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21
Q

Define nucleophile

A

Lewis base Electron pair donor

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22
Q

Define electrophile

A

Lewis base electron pair acceptor

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23
Q

How do you calculate ph of acid

A

-log of acidic conc

24
Q

What are indicators used for

A

Measuring pH

25
Q

Why is ph important in human body

A

Essential for all living systems
Maintain homeostasis

26
Q

What is ph of blood plasma

A

7.4

27
Q

What is a buffer

A

When in aqueous solution resist change in h+ conc even if acids / bases added

28
Q

What is ph for acid buffer

A

Less than 7

29
Q

What is buffer for base

A

Higher than 7

30
Q

Name extra cellular buffer

A

Carbonic acid
Bicarbonate acid

31
Q

Name intracellular buffers

A

Protein
Phosphoric acid / hydrogen phosphate

32
Q

What organs are involved in acid base balance

A

Plasma
Lungs
Kidneys
Liver
Bone marrow

33
Q

Why is ph important

A

Any small molecule can partially dissociate in water and dependent on Ph

34
Q

What will pH have an effect on

A

Protein function

35
Q

What is the most important ph in body

A

Intracellular because this is where metabolite intermediates are all charged

36
Q

Is extracellular ph higher

A

Yes favouring exit of hydrogen ion from cell

37
Q

Substances/ compounds that effects ph in respiratory system

A

Pco2 , h+ , po2

38
Q

Where in the brain is respiratory ph detected

A

Resp centre of brain

39
Q

Describe resp acidemia

A

Increased alveolar ventilation
Decreased co2

40
Q

What is the Renal system fixed by

A

H+
Hco3

41
Q

Name proximal tubular mechanisms

A

Reabsorption if hc03 @ glomerulus
Produce nh4

42
Q

Describe tubular mechanisms

A

Net excretion of h+
Addition of nh4 to luminal fluid
Reabsorption of hco3

43
Q

Disorders of acid base balance

A

Acidosis
Alkalosis

44
Q

Treatment for acidosis

A

IV FLuids
Insulin
Kidney failure - sodium citrate

45
Q

Treatment for alkalosis

A

Too much bicarbonate
HcI infusion

46
Q

Compare the interaction of strong acid and weak acids in aqueous solutions

A

Strong Fully dissociate
Weak partially dissociates

47
Q

Compare ionisation status of weak and string bases in aqueous solution

A

Strong fully ionised
Weak partially ionised

48
Q

How can strength if acid or base be quantified by

A

pKa value

49
Q

What is the negative logarithm of ka

A

Pka

50
Q

Difference of ka and pka values in acids

A

Strong acid - high Ka = low pka value
Weak acids low ka = high pka value

51
Q

High Kb value states

A

Stronger base

52
Q

Relationship between pK(a/b) and K (a/b)

A

Pk is the negative log of k

53
Q

An acidic drug will be most soluble in…

A

Alkaline conditions and least soluble in acidic conditions

54
Q

An alkaline drug will be most soluble

A

In acidic conditions and least soluble in alkaline

55
Q

An amphoteric drug will..

A

Lowest solubility at its isoelectric point

56
Q

Define PH

A

Negative log of hydrogen ion concentration

PJ1310 Science Of Medicines Yr1 (15 decks)

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