Acid And Bases Flashcards
What theories do we have about acids + bases
Bronzed lowry+ Lewis
What is the definition of bl acid
Proton donor
What does HCL donate
H+ ions
What does Socium hydroxide accept
H+
What can act as a h+ donor
Nitric acid donating to ammonia
What do all bl acids contain
A proton
What does all bronsted lowry bases contain
Lone pair of electrons or double bond
Cannot be positive
What can morphine act as chemically
Acidic and basic
What are amino acids known as
Zwitterions
In an amino acid what is the base and what is the acid
Base - amine
Carboxylic acid - acid
How do we determine acid strength
Looking at tendency of donating proton , dissociating quickly
How is acidity measured
Equilibrium constant
How do we determine if a base is strong/ weak
How readily it can accept proton
List some properties of acids
Conduct electricity in water
React with metals to make h2 gas
Indicators
React with hydroxide to form water and salt
How does weak/strong acid affect conductivity
Stronger acid =stronger conductivity
List properties of bases
In water conduct electricity
React with acids to neutralise
How do you calculate Keq
Products / starting materials
What is pka
Negative log of ka
How do you calculate -logka
Negative log on calculator
How do you know if a base/acid strong or weak USING NUMBERS
5 strong
50 weak
Define nucleophile
Lewis base Electron pair donor
Define electrophile
Lewis base electron pair acceptor
How do you calculate ph of acid
-log of acidic conc
What are indicators used for
Measuring pH
Why is ph important in human body
Essential for all living systems
Maintain homeostasis
What is ph of blood plasma
7.4
What is a buffer
When in aqueous solution resist change in h+ conc even if acids / bases added
What is ph for acid buffer
Less than 7
What is buffer for base
Higher than 7
Name extra cellular buffer
Carbonic acid
Bicarbonate acid
Name intracellular buffers
Protein
Phosphoric acid / hydrogen phosphate
What organs are involved in acid base balance
Plasma
Lungs
Kidneys
Liver
Bone marrow
Why is ph important
Any small molecule can partially dissociate in water and dependent on Ph
What will pH have an effect on
Protein function
What is the most important ph in body
Intracellular because this is where metabolite intermediates are all charged
Is extracellular ph higher
Yes favouring exit of hydrogen ion from cell
Substances/ compounds that effects ph in respiratory system
Pco2 , h+ , po2
Where in the brain is respiratory ph detected
Resp centre of brain
Describe resp acidemia
Increased alveolar ventilation
Decreased co2
What is the Renal system fixed by
H+
Hco3
Name proximal tubular mechanisms
Reabsorption if hc03 @ glomerulus
Produce nh4
Describe tubular mechanisms
Net excretion of h+
Addition of nh4 to luminal fluid
Reabsorption of hco3
Disorders of acid base balance
Acidosis
Alkalosis
Treatment for acidosis
IV FLuids
Insulin
Kidney failure - sodium citrate
Treatment for alkalosis
Too much bicarbonate
HcI infusion
Compare the interaction of strong acid and weak acids in aqueous solutions
Strong Fully dissociate
Weak partially dissociates
Compare ionisation status of weak and string bases in aqueous solution
Strong fully ionised
Weak partially ionised
How can strength if acid or base be quantified by
pKa value
What is the negative logarithm of ka
Pka
Difference of ka and pka values in acids
Strong acid - high Ka = low pka value
Weak acids low ka = high pka value
High Kb value states
Stronger base
Relationship between pK(a/b) and K (a/b)
Pk is the negative log of k
An acidic drug will be most soluble in…
Alkaline conditions and least soluble in acidic conditions
An alkaline drug will be most soluble
In acidic conditions and least soluble in alkaline
An amphoteric drug will..
Lowest solubility at its isoelectric point
Define PH
Negative log of hydrogen ion concentration
