Tissues Quiz 1 Flashcards
epithelial
- closely packed cells
- covers internal and external surfaces
- forms most glands
- anchored by basement membrane to underlying connective tissue
- lack blood vessels- diffusion through basement membrane
- surface specialization- microvilli or cilia
- regeneration- epidermis replacement
connective
- widely spaced cells with extracellular material/space
- support and bind together other tissues
- connected to epithelial tissue
- widely separated cells with extracellular matrix
- rich blood supply (except cartilage)
- function to provide support and connection
- four components: cells, fluid (water), fibers, “ground substance”
- 4 types of connective tissue
muscle tissue
-elongated cells capable of contraction
nervous tissue
- neurons capable conducting electrical impulses
- associated support cells
epithelial tissue classification
- squamous- flat disc, apical
- cuboidal- cube (as tall as it is wide)
- columnar- tall
- simple- one layer
- stratified- multiple layers
apical surface
surface
pseudostratified columnar
- nuclei are on different levels
- appears stratified but its not
goblet cells
-secrete mucus
transitional epithelium
- goes from one shape to another
- stretches and bounces back
- ex. urinary bladder
gland
- functional group of cells whose main function is secretion
- develop by invagination of epithelium into underlying tissue
- two basic types of epithelial gland:
- exocrine- presence of a duct
- endocrine- absence of a duct -> moves through the tissue without the need for a duct
exocrine glands
- merocrine- salivary glands
- apocrine- mammary gland
- holocrine
merocrine gland
- exocrine
- vesicle exocytosis
- cells produce the substance
- substance is collected within vesicles
- vesicles are exocytosed from the cell into the central duct of the gland
- ex. salivary glands
apocrine
- all the substance pools within the cell proper at the apical surface
- apical surface is pinched off
- sent through the ducts
- does not destroy the cell (can keep going)
- ex. mammary gland
holocrine
- cells reproduce
- disintegrating cells with contents becoming the secretion
- disintegrates and becomes the secretion
- ex. sebaceous glands
eccrine glands
type of merocrine gland
components of connective tissue
- elastic fibers
- collagen fibers
- reticular fibers
- you can swee adipocytes, mesenchymal cells
- ground substance is between the cells
collagenous fibers
- major type composed of protein collagen
- like string (tough and flexible but inelastic)
- in connective tissue
elastic fiber
- thinner than collagenous
- composed of protein elastin
- like rubber band (stretch and recoil)
- in connective tissue
reticular fiber
- thin single strand of collagenous fibers
- forms a fine meshwork
- in connective tissue
ground substance
- the nonliving material that cells and proteins are found within
- liquid- blood plasma
- semisolid- loose connective tissue
- solid- bone and cartilage
4 types of connective tissue
- connective tissue proper
- cartilage
- bone
- blood
connective tissue proper
- loose: areolar, adipose, reticular
- dense (collagenous): regular, irregular, elastic
dense connective tissue proper
-more fiber than ground substance
loose connective tissue
-more ground substance less fiber
areolar loose connective proper
- basal to the epithelium
- papillary layer of dermis
- collagen and elastic fibers
- semisolid
- connects epithelium to underlying layers
loose adipose connective tissue proper
- hypodermis
- fat storage tissue
- adipocytes
- middle layer of skin
loose reticular connective tissue proper
- thin collagen fibers
- layer of the spleen
- resist tension
- dont stretch but allow for mushing around
- flexible
regular dense connective tissue proper
- tendon
- many collagen fibers in parallel lines
- very little ground substance
- highly resists tension in specific directions
- regular bc all the fibers are in the same direction
irregular dense connective tissue proper
- high amount of collagen fibers in a variety of directions
- ex. reticular layer of dermis -* confusing!
- okay at resists tension in all different directions
elastic dense connective tissue proper
- made up of elastic fibers
- ex. aorta wall
- expands and returns to its shape
which connective tissue proper is resistant to stretch, flexible, and has a low-density network of fibers
- reticular
- deforms
- will not stretch
cartilage
-connective tissue
-solid ground substance
-no vasculature (exception to connective tissue!)
3 types:
-hyaline
-fibrocartilage
-elastic
hyaline
- found in joint capsule
- between bones
- smooth
- solid ground substance
- articular cartilage
- low fibers (collagen)
fibrocartilage
- collagen fibers
- strong
- intervertebral disks
- squishy middle
- absorb shock
elastic cartilage
- ear cartilage
- bounces back
- solid ground substance
- elastin fibers
bone
- connective tissue
- solid ground substance
- vascular
blood
- connective tissue
- plasma- watery ground substance + protein fibers
- fibers- help clot
- lymphocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils
4 major components of connective tissue
- ground substance
- fibers
- fluid
- cells
membranes
mucous
- serous
- synovial
mucous membrane
- layer of epithelial tissue
- layer of loose connective tissue
- lines tubes within body
- nonkeratinized- regenerative
- ex. vaginal canal - stratified squamous
keratinized
- dry
- flakes off
ex. anus - non-keratinized: vaginal canal, mouth
serous membranes
- layer of simple squamous epithelium
- double layer of loose connective tissue
- lines enclosed cavities within body
- ex. pleura- surround lungs
- peritoneum- around the abdominal digestive system
- pericardium- surrounds heart
synovial membrane
- areolar connective tissue
- lines joint capsules
- secretes synovial fluid (reduces friction)
- no epithelial layer; its just a connective tissue membrane
skin
- protection
- temperature regulation
- vitamin D3 synthesis
- elimination of waste
- reception of stimuli: pain, pressure, temperature
- largest organ
structure of skin
- epidermis- outside layer; keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- inner layers- proliferative, regenerative layers - dermis: papillary and reticular regions
- hypodermis
dermis
- papillary region- areolar connective tissue (has blood vessels; loose)
- reticular region- deep to papillary; irregular connective tissue (dense)
cleavage lines
- pulled across underlying tissues
- laceration that is perpendicular to the lines -> body will naturally pull apart
- parallel to lines it will be easy to heal
hypodermis
- superficial fascia
- areolar and adipose connective tissue
what is the most superficial layer of skin that has vasculature
- papillary layer of the dermis
- epidermis does not has vasculature
cutaneous nerves
- touch
- pressure
- temperature
- pain
touch
- meissner’s corpuscle in papillary layer
- nerve plexus (found in reticular layer) around hair follicle -> goosebumps
- senses light touch
pressure
- pacinian corpuscle in reticular layer
- deeper touch sense
temperature
-free nerve endings
pain
-free nerve endings
skin glands
- sebaceous - holocrine
- eccrine sweat- merocrine
- apocrine sweat- apocrine
sebaceous gland
- duct that goes into the area surrounding the hair follicle
- oily substance
- holocrine gland
- skin gland
eccrine sweat
- merocrine gland
- watery, across the skin
- skin gland
apocrine sweat
- apocrine gland
- skin gland
- fatty, groin and armpits
- strong smell
cutaneous muscle
- arrector pili
- only muscle of body wall (external tissue) that receives motor impulses via autonomic nervous system (sympathetic)
