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ANP 300 > Tissues Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Tissues Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

epithelial

A
  • closely packed cells
  • covers internal and external surfaces
  • forms most glands
  • anchored by basement membrane to underlying connective tissue
  • lack blood vessels- diffusion through basement membrane
  • surface specialization- microvilli or cilia
  • regeneration- epidermis replacement
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2
Q

connective

A
  • widely spaced cells with extracellular material/space
  • support and bind together other tissues
  • connected to epithelial tissue
  • widely separated cells with extracellular matrix
  • rich blood supply (except cartilage)
  • function to provide support and connection
  • four components: cells, fluid (water), fibers, “ground substance”
  • 4 types of connective tissue
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3
Q

muscle tissue

A

-elongated cells capable of contraction

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4
Q

nervous tissue

A
  • neurons capable conducting electrical impulses

- associated support cells

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5
Q

epithelial tissue classification

A
  • squamous- flat disc, apical
  • cuboidal- cube (as tall as it is wide)
  • columnar- tall
  • simple- one layer
  • stratified- multiple layers
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6
Q

apical surface

A

surface

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7
Q

pseudostratified columnar

A
  • nuclei are on different levels

- appears stratified but its not

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8
Q

goblet cells

A

-secrete mucus

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9
Q

transitional epithelium

A
  • goes from one shape to another
  • stretches and bounces back
  • ex. urinary bladder
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10
Q

gland

A
  • functional group of cells whose main function is secretion
  • develop by invagination of epithelium into underlying tissue
  • two basic types of epithelial gland:
  • exocrine- presence of a duct
  • endocrine- absence of a duct -> moves through the tissue without the need for a duct
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11
Q

exocrine glands

A
  • merocrine- salivary glands
  • apocrine- mammary gland
  • holocrine
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12
Q

merocrine gland

A
  • exocrine
  • vesicle exocytosis
  • cells produce the substance
  • substance is collected within vesicles
  • vesicles are exocytosed from the cell into the central duct of the gland
  • ex. salivary glands
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13
Q

apocrine

A
  • all the substance pools within the cell proper at the apical surface
  • apical surface is pinched off
  • sent through the ducts
  • does not destroy the cell (can keep going)
  • ex. mammary gland
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14
Q

holocrine

A
  • cells reproduce
  • disintegrating cells with contents becoming the secretion
  • disintegrates and becomes the secretion
  • ex. sebaceous glands
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15
Q

eccrine glands

A

type of merocrine gland

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16
Q

components of connective tissue

A
  • elastic fibers
  • collagen fibers
  • reticular fibers
  • you can swee adipocytes, mesenchymal cells
  • ground substance is between the cells
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17
Q

collagenous fibers

A
  • major type composed of protein collagen
  • like string (tough and flexible but inelastic)
  • in connective tissue
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18
Q

elastic fiber

A
  • thinner than collagenous
  • composed of protein elastin
  • like rubber band (stretch and recoil)
  • in connective tissue
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19
Q

reticular fiber

A
  • thin single strand of collagenous fibers
  • forms a fine meshwork
  • in connective tissue
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20
Q

ground substance

A
  • the nonliving material that cells and proteins are found within
  • liquid- blood plasma
  • semisolid- loose connective tissue
  • solid- bone and cartilage
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21
Q

4 types of connective tissue

A
  • connective tissue proper
  • cartilage
  • bone
  • blood
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22
Q

connective tissue proper

A
  • loose: areolar, adipose, reticular

- dense (collagenous): regular, irregular, elastic

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23
Q

dense connective tissue proper

A

-more fiber than ground substance

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24
Q

loose connective tissue

A

-more ground substance less fiber

25
Q

areolar loose connective proper

A
  • basal to the epithelium
  • papillary layer of dermis
  • collagen and elastic fibers
  • semisolid
  • connects epithelium to underlying layers
26
Q

loose adipose connective tissue proper

A
  • hypodermis
  • fat storage tissue
  • adipocytes
  • middle layer of skin
27
Q

loose reticular connective tissue proper

A
  • thin collagen fibers
  • layer of the spleen
  • resist tension
  • dont stretch but allow for mushing around
  • flexible
28
Q

regular dense connective tissue proper

A
  • tendon
  • many collagen fibers in parallel lines
  • very little ground substance
  • highly resists tension in specific directions
  • regular bc all the fibers are in the same direction
29
Q

irregular dense connective tissue proper

A
  • high amount of collagen fibers in a variety of directions
  • ex. reticular layer of dermis -* confusing!
  • okay at resists tension in all different directions
30
Q

elastic dense connective tissue proper

A
  • made up of elastic fibers
  • ex. aorta wall
  • expands and returns to its shape
31
Q

which connective tissue proper is resistant to stretch, flexible, and has a low-density network of fibers

A
  • reticular
  • deforms
  • will not stretch
32
Q

cartilage

A

-connective tissue
-solid ground substance
-no vasculature (exception to connective tissue!)
3 types:
-hyaline
-fibrocartilage
-elastic

33
Q

hyaline

A
  • found in joint capsule
  • between bones
  • smooth
  • solid ground substance
  • articular cartilage
  • low fibers (collagen)
34
Q

fibrocartilage

A
  • collagen fibers
  • strong
  • intervertebral disks
  • squishy middle
  • absorb shock
35
Q

elastic cartilage

A
  • ear cartilage
  • bounces back
  • solid ground substance
  • elastin fibers
36
Q

bone

A
  • connective tissue
  • solid ground substance
  • vascular
37
Q

blood

A
  • connective tissue
  • plasma- watery ground substance + protein fibers
  • fibers- help clot
  • lymphocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils
38
Q

4 major components of connective tissue

A
  • ground substance
  • fibers
  • fluid
  • cells
39
Q

membranes

A

mucous

  • serous
  • synovial
40
Q

mucous membrane

A
  • layer of epithelial tissue
  • layer of loose connective tissue
  • lines tubes within body
  • nonkeratinized- regenerative
  • ex. vaginal canal - stratified squamous
41
Q

keratinized

A
  • dry
  • flakes off
    ex. anus
  • non-keratinized: vaginal canal, mouth
42
Q

serous membranes

A
  • layer of simple squamous epithelium
  • double layer of loose connective tissue
  • lines enclosed cavities within body
  • ex. pleura- surround lungs
  • peritoneum- around the abdominal digestive system
  • pericardium- surrounds heart
43
Q

synovial membrane

A
  • areolar connective tissue
  • lines joint capsules
  • secretes synovial fluid (reduces friction)
  • no epithelial layer; its just a connective tissue membrane
44
Q

skin

A
  • protection
  • temperature regulation
  • vitamin D3 synthesis
  • elimination of waste
  • reception of stimuli: pain, pressure, temperature
  • largest organ
45
Q

structure of skin

A
  1. epidermis- outside layer; keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
    - inner layers- proliferative, regenerative layers
  2. dermis: papillary and reticular regions
  3. hypodermis
46
Q

dermis

A
  • papillary region- areolar connective tissue (has blood vessels; loose)
  • reticular region- deep to papillary; irregular connective tissue (dense)
47
Q

cleavage lines

A
  • pulled across underlying tissues
  • laceration that is perpendicular to the lines -> body will naturally pull apart
  • parallel to lines it will be easy to heal
48
Q

hypodermis

A
  • superficial fascia

- areolar and adipose connective tissue

49
Q

what is the most superficial layer of skin that has vasculature

A
  • papillary layer of the dermis

- epidermis does not has vasculature

50
Q

cutaneous nerves

A
  • touch
  • pressure
  • temperature
  • pain
51
Q

touch

A
  • meissner’s corpuscle in papillary layer
  • nerve plexus (found in reticular layer) around hair follicle -> goosebumps
  • senses light touch
52
Q

pressure

A
  • pacinian corpuscle in reticular layer

- deeper touch sense

53
Q

temperature

A

-free nerve endings

54
Q

pain

A

-free nerve endings

55
Q

skin glands

A
  • sebaceous - holocrine
  • eccrine sweat- merocrine
  • apocrine sweat- apocrine
56
Q

sebaceous gland

A
  • duct that goes into the area surrounding the hair follicle
  • oily substance
  • holocrine gland
  • skin gland
57
Q

eccrine sweat

A
  • merocrine gland
  • watery, across the skin
  • skin gland
58
Q

apocrine sweat

A
  • apocrine gland
  • skin gland
  • fatty, groin and armpits
  • strong smell
59
Q

cutaneous muscle

A
  • arrector pili

- only muscle of body wall (external tissue) that receives motor impulses via autonomic nervous system (sympathetic)

ANP 300 (20 decks)

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