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ANHB1101 > Tissues - Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Tissues - Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structural elements of CT?

A
  • cells: widely separated, manufacture CT matrix

- matrix: determines properties of CT

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2
Q

What is the prefix for immature cells?

A

Blast

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3
Q

What is the prefix for mature cells?

A

Cyte

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4
Q

What are the types of connective tissue fibres?

A

Collagen
Elastic
Reticular fibres

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5
Q

Collagen fibres

A
  • very strong
  • high tensile strength (resistant to breaking under tension)
  • slightly wavy appearance when not under tension, some give but not elastic
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6
Q

Elastic fibres

A
  • finer than collagen

- capacity to stretch and recoil

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7
Q

Reticular fibres

A
  • very fine form of collagen
  • not visible in most photomicrographs
  • forms supportive network/mesh
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8
Q

Dense connective tissue

A
  • predominant fibre type is collagen
  • fibre occupy more space than cells or ground substance
  • cells are fibroblasts and fibrocytes (mostly)
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9
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A
  • fibres all aligned in same direction
  • thick bundles of collagen
  • not much stretch but bends
  • poor blood supply
  • fresh tissue is white
  • found in ligaments and tendons
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10
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A
  • same Elements as dense regular
  • but fibres are arranged in many different directions
  • examples: dermis of the skin
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11
Q

What can areola tissue convert to?

A

Adipose tissue

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12
Q

Adipose tissue

A
  • aerolar CT that is modified to store fat droplets
  • very well vascularised
  • adipocytes
  • very little matrix as cells occupy much space
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13
Q

What are the functions of adipose tissue?

A
  • stores nutrients
  • absorbs shock
  • insulates
  • holds some organs in place (structural fat)
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14
Q

Blood

A
  • erythrocytes and leucocytes in plasma

- fibres are soluble in plasma and only evident during clotting

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15
Q

What is the function of blood?

A
  • transport (O2, nutrients, waste , hormones)
  • protection (WBC, platelets, antibodies)
  • regulation (pH, body temp, fluid distribution)
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16
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyalin
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

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17
Q

What is cartilage intermediate between?

A

Dense CT and Bone

18
Q

What are the cells of cartilage called?

A

Chondroblasts and Chondrocytes

19
Q

What is most cartilage covered by?

A

Periochondrium (dense irregular CT)

20
Q

What is the function of cartilage?

A

Provides shape and support
Template form bone growth
Resists compressive forces

21
Q

Where is hyalin cartilage located?

A

Synovial joints, trachea, growth zones of skeleton

22
Q

Where is elastic cartilage located?

A

Epiglottis, external ear

23
Q

Where is fibrocartliage located?

A

Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

24
Q

What do chondroblasts do?

A

Actively deposit matrix

25
Q

What do chondrocytes do?

A

Maintenance

26
Q

What is an epiphyseal line?

A

Mature, represents bony joint

27
Q

What is an epiphyseal plate?

A

Growing (made of cartilage)

28
Q

Is cartilage vascular or avascular?

A

Avascular - limit to thickness

29
Q

Characteristics of loose areolar CT

A
  • all 3 fibre types and fibrocytes (+ macrophages, WBC, adipocytes)
  • abundance of reticular fibres
  • fibres run in multiple direction allows for movement in many directions
  • ground substance is semi-fluid/gelatinous
30
Q

What is bone made up of?

A

1/3 organic: collagen fibres + protein and carbohydrate complexes
2/3 inorganic: calcium salts

31
Q

What do calcium salts do in bone?

A

Give ridgidity

32
Q

What does collagen did in bone?

A

Resistance to bending and twisting forces (in its absence bone will shatter)l

33
Q

What are the types of cells in bone?

A

Osteoblasts: lay down bone tissue, non mitotic
Osteocytes: maintenance, remodelling

34
Q

Characteristics of compact bone

A 
Osteon: concentric rings of bone
Highly vascular
Concentric lamellae: inner layer
Circumferential layer: outer layer
- collagen fibres alternate directions to resist breaking in many directions
35
Q

How are osteocytes nourished?

A

Nourished by diffusion

- facilitated by gap junctions between cells

36
Q

When are fibres produced?

A

G1 of cell cycle

37
Q

Scurvy

A

Lack of vitamin C in the diet

Vitamin C is a co-factor for 2 enzymes crucial to collagen formation

38
Q

Which connective tissue covers bone?

A

Periosteum (dense irregular CT)

39
Q

What are the cells in cartilage?

A

Chondroblasts and chondrocytes

40
Q

Cartilage is __________

A

Avascular, realises on diffusion

No nerve supply, good for covering joints

41
Q

What is the function of loose areolar CT?

A
  • widely distributed packing material of the body

- binds body parts but allows them to move freely over one another

42
Q

What is the function of loose CT?

A
  • provides a support mesh for cells in delicate, cellular organs like liver, spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes

ANHB1101 (20 decks)

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