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ANHB1101 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Function: cell membrane

A

Controls what enters and leave the cell

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2
Q

Function: nucleus

A

Control centre of the cell - control is mediated by DNA

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3
Q

Function: nucleolous

A

Manufactures ribosomes

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4
Q

Function: mitochondrion

A

Site of aerobic respiration

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5
Q

Function: smooth ER

A

Manufactures steroids and cholesterol

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6
Q

Function: Rough ER

A

Site of protein synthesis

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7
Q

Function: Golgi apparatus

A

Sorts, packages and modifies proteins for export

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8
Q

Function: lysozyme

A

Contains enzymes for intracellular digestion

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9
Q

Function: ribosome

A

Site of translation

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10
Q

What does a tight junction do?

A
  • intimate association between membranes of adjacent cells

- prevents substances from passing between cells and forces them to pass through cell membrane

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11
Q

What do desmosomes do?

A
  • strong and large contact point between two cells)

- intermediate filaments provide strength

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12
Q

What do gap junctions do?

A
  • channels connecting cytoplasm of two cells made up of proteins called connexons
  • allow ions and small molecules to pass between adjacent cellls
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13
Q

What are the different types of cell junctions?

A
  • tight junctions
  • desmosomes
  • gap junctions
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14
Q

What are the stages of the cell cycle?

A
  • G1 (first gap phase)
  • S phase (synthesis)
  • G2 phase
  • M (mitotic) phase
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15
Q

What is G0 phase?

A

When a cell leaves the cell cycle and ceases to divide for days, years of the rest of its life

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16
Q

What occurs during G1 phase?

A

Growth and normal metabolic roles

17
Q

What occurs during S phase?

A

DNA replication

18
Q

What occurs during G2 phase?

A

Growth and preparation for mitosis.

19
Q

What are the main functions of mitosis?

A

Growth and regeneration/repair of body tissues

20
Q

What occurs during prophase?

A
  • chromosomes condense
  • nuclear envelope breaks down
  • spindle fibres grow from centrioles
  • centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the cell
21
Q

What occurs during metaphase?

A
  • chromosomes lie along cell midline
  • some spindle fibres attach to kinetochores
  • fibres of aster attach to plasma membrane
22
Q

What occurs during anaphase?

A
  • centromeres divide into two
  • spindle fibres pull sister chromatids to opposite poles
  • each pole now has an identical set of genes
23
Q

What occurs during telophase?

A
  • chromosomes gather at each pole of the cell
  • chromatin decondenses
  • new nuclear envelope appears at each pole
  • new nucleoli forms in each nuclei
  • mitotic spindle breaks down
  • cytokinesis occurs and the cytoplasm splits into two
24
Q

Function: centriole

A

Forms spindle during cell division

25
Q

What occurs during G2 phase?

A
  • DNA checked for errors

- cell grows and produces organelles for mitosis

26
Q

What is the diameter of a mitochondrion?

A

0.5-1.0 micrometers

27
Q

What make up the cytoskeleton?

A

Proteins that have a structural role within the cell

28
Q

What are the types of proteins that make up the cytoskeleton?

A
  • microfilaments
  • intermediate filaments
  • microtubules
29
Q

Microfilaments

A
  • thinnest
  • made of actin
  • 2nm wide
  • outer shell of the cell - gives peripheral support to the cell, pinches cell during cytokinesis
30
Q

Intermediate filaments

A
  • 10nm wide
  • form networks that can transverse the cell
  • particularly important for cell junctions
31
Q

Mircotubules

A
  • important for transport
  • made of tubulin
  • are a part of the spindle in mitosis
  • 25nm wide
32
Q

How long are each phases of the cell cycle?

A

8-10
6-8
4-6
1-3

33
Q

Microvilli

A
  • increase the surface area of a cell
  • commonly involved in absorption
  • microfilaments for rigidity
  • 90nm in diameter
34
Q

Cilia

A
  • used for moving material along cell membrane
  • microtubules for strength (9 pairs)
  • attached to a basal body inside the cell
  • 250nm in diameter
35
Q

What are spindle fibres made of?

A

Microtubules

ANHB1101 (20 decks)

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