Anatomical Terms

Question 1

Describe the anatomical position

Answer 1

• standing erect with both feet flat on the floor
• feet slightly apart
• face facing forwards
• upper limbs by side with palms facing forwards
• all joints of the body in the fully extended position

Question 2

Describe the prone position

Answer 2

The body is lying facedown

Question 3

Describe the supine position

Answer 3

The body is lying faceup

Question 4

Anterior

Answer 4

• ventral

- towards the front

Question 5

Posterior

Answer 5

• dorsal

- towards the back

Question 6

Superior

Answer 6

• cranial

- towards the head

Question 7

Inferior

Answer 7

• caudal

- towards the ground

Question 8

Medial

Answer 8

Towards the midline of the body

Question 9

Lateral

Answer 9

Away from the midline of the body

Question 10

Ipsilateral

Answer 10

On the same side of the body as another structure

Question 11

Contralateral

Answer 11

On the opposite side of the body from another structure

Question 12

Superficial

Answer 12

Towards the surface

Question 13

Deep

Answer 13

Away from the surface

Question 14

Proximal

Answer 14

Situated near a point of attachment

Question 15

Distal

Answer 15

Situated further from a point of attachment

Question 16

Intermediate

Answer 16

Between two structures

Question 17

Sagittal plane

Answer 17

Runs vertically and divides the body into right and left portions

Question 18

Midsagittal (median) plane

Answer 18

Runs vertically and divides the body into equal left and right portions

Question 19

Parasagittal plane

Answer 19

Runs vertically and divides the body into unequal left and right portions

Question 20

Frontal (coronal) planes

Answer 20

Run vertically and divide the body into anterior and posterior portions

Question 21

Transverse/horizontal planes

Answer 21

Run parallel to the ground and divides the body into superior and inferior portions

Question 22

Oblique plane

Answer 22

Passes through the body or an organ at an oblique angle (any angle other than 90 degrees)

Question 23

Pectoral girdle

Answer 23

Clavicle: long
Scapular: flat

Question 24

Upper limbs

Answer 24

Humerus: long
Ulna: long
Radius: long
Carpals: short
Metacarpals: long
Phalanges: long

Question 25

Pelvic girdle

Answer 25

Coral bones: irregular

Question 26

Lower limbs

Answer 26

``` Femur: long Patella: sesamoid Fibula: long Tibia: long Tarsals: short Metatarsals: long Phalanges: long ```

Question 27

What is the total number of bones in the body?

Answer 27

206

Question 28

Flexion

Answer 28

Sagittal | Movement towards the ventral surface of the body. Usually decreases the joint angle.

Question 29

Extension

Answer 29

Sagittal | Movement towards the dorsal surface of the body. Usually increases the joint angle.

Question 30

Hyper extension

Answer 30

Sagittal | Extension movement which goes pasty the fully extended position (ie pasts is anatomical position)

Question 31

Abduction

Answer 31

Frontal | Movement away from the median plane

Question 32

Adduction

Answer 32

Frontal | Movement towards the median plane

Question 33

Rotation

Answer 33

Transverse | Movement of a bone where it spins on its longitudinal axis

Question 34

Circumduction

Answer 34

Multiple | Movement of the long segment where the proximal end remains stationary and the distal end describes a circle

Question 35

Pronation

Answer 35

Transverse | A special movement of the forearm where the pal is turned to face posteriorly

Question 36

Supination

Answer 36

Transverse | A special movement of the forearm where the palm is turned to face anteriorly

Question 37

Dorsiflexion

Answer 37

Sagittal | Movement of the foot in the sagittal plane where the toes are lifted off the ground

Question 38

Plantar flexion

Answer 38

Sagittal | Movement of the foot in the sagittal plane to stand on the toes

Question 39

Elevation

Answer 39

Frontal | Movement which raises a body part

Question 40

Depression

Answer 40

Frontal | Movement which lowers a body part

Question 41

Eversion

Answer 41

Frontal | Movement where the lateral side of the foot is raised off the ground

Question 42

Inversion

Answer 42

Frontal | Movement where the medial side of the foot is raised off the ground

Question 43

Prostration

Answer 43

Transverse | Movement where a body part is moved anteriorly

Question 44

Retraction

Answer 44

Transverse | Movement where a body part is moved posteriorly

Question 45

What is an example of a synovial joint?

Answer 45

Knee Elbow Hip Shoulder

Question 46

What is an example of a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 46

Attachment of first rub and sternum | Pubic symphysis

Question 47

What is an example of a fibrous joint?

Answer 47

Structure between skull bones | Joint between tibia and fibula

Question 48

What is an example of a bony joint?

Answer 48

Fusion of epiphyses and diaphyses of long bones

Question 49

What is an example of flexion that does not occur in the sagittal plane?

Answer 49

Flexion of the thumb | Lateral flexion of the torso

Question 50

Which movements produce circumduction?

Answer 50

Flexion, abduction, extension, adduction and rotation