Anatomical Terms Flashcards
Describe the anatomical position
- standing erect with both feet flat on the floor
- feet slightly apart
- face facing forwards
- upper limbs by side with palms facing forwards
- all joints of the body in the fully extended position
Describe the prone position
The body is lying facedown
Describe the supine position
The body is lying faceup
Anterior
- ventral
- towards the front
Posterior
- dorsal
- towards the back
Superior
- cranial
- towards the head
Inferior
- caudal
- towards the ground
Medial
Towards the midline of the body
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body as another structure
Contralateral
On the opposite side of the body from another structure
Superficial
Towards the surface
Deep
Away from the surface
Proximal
Situated near a point of attachment
Distal
Situated further from a point of attachment
Intermediate
Between two structures
Sagittal plane
Runs vertically and divides the body into right and left portions
Midsagittal (median) plane
Runs vertically and divides the body into equal left and right portions
Parasagittal plane
Runs vertically and divides the body into unequal left and right portions
Frontal (coronal) planes
Run vertically and divide the body into anterior and posterior portions
Transverse/horizontal planes
Run parallel to the ground and divides the body into superior and inferior portions
Oblique plane
Passes through the body or an organ at an oblique angle (any angle other than 90 degrees)
Pectoral girdle
Clavicle: long
Scapular: flat
Upper limbs
Humerus: long Ulna: long Radius: long Carpals: short Metacarpals: long Phalanges: long
Pelvic girdle
Coral bones: irregular
Lower limbs
Femur: long Patella: sesamoid Fibula: long Tibia: long Tarsals: short Metatarsals: long Phalanges: long
What is the total number of bones in the body?
206
Flexion
Sagittal
Movement towards the ventral surface of the body. Usually decreases the joint angle.
Extension
Sagittal
Movement towards the dorsal surface of the body. Usually increases the joint angle.
Hyper extension
Sagittal
Extension movement which goes pasty the fully extended position (ie pasts is anatomical position)
Abduction
Frontal
Movement away from the median plane
Adduction
Frontal
Movement towards the median plane
Rotation
Transverse
Movement of a bone where it spins on its longitudinal axis
Circumduction
Multiple
Movement of the long segment where the proximal end remains stationary and the distal end describes a circle
Pronation
Transverse
A special movement of the forearm where the pal is turned to face posteriorly
Supination
Transverse
A special movement of the forearm where the palm is turned to face anteriorly
Dorsiflexion
Sagittal
Movement of the foot in the sagittal plane where the toes are lifted off the ground
Plantar flexion
Sagittal
Movement of the foot in the sagittal plane to stand on the toes
Elevation
Frontal
Movement which raises a body part
Depression
Frontal
Movement which lowers a body part
Eversion
Frontal
Movement where the lateral side of the foot is raised off the ground
Inversion
Frontal
Movement where the medial side of the foot is raised off the ground
Prostration
Transverse
Movement where a body part is moved anteriorly
Retraction
Transverse
Movement where a body part is moved posteriorly
What is an example of a synovial joint?
Knee
Elbow
Hip
Shoulder
What is an example of a cartilaginous joint?
Attachment of first rub and sternum
Pubic symphysis
What is an example of a fibrous joint?
Structure between skull bones
Joint between tibia and fibula
What is an example of a bony joint?
Fusion of epiphyses and diaphyses of long bones
What is an example of flexion that does not occur in the sagittal plane?
Flexion of the thumb
Lateral flexion of the torso
Which movements produce circumduction?
Flexion, abduction, extension, adduction and rotation
