Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANHB1101 > Embryogenesis > Flashcards

Embryogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

What does the endoderm form?

A
  • digestive epithelium
  • respiratory epithelium
  • secretory cells of digestive glands including liver and pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the mesoderm form?

A
  • skeleton
  • muscles
  • connective tissue
  • dermis of the skin
  • circulatory system
  • urinary system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the ectoderm form?

A

Nervous tissue

  • epidermis
  • epidermal derivatives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are teratogens?

A

Environmental agents that increase the incidence of congenital abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Evolutionary significance of morning sickness

A
  • teratogens are especially harmful to a very early foetus

- morning sickness makes the woman feel sick to prevent the intake of pathogens that could act as teratogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cleavage

A
  • mitotic division of the newly formed embryo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Features of the blastocyst

A

Inner cell mass
Trophoblast
Blastocoele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why does hatching occur?

A

Fluid pumping increases the size of the blastocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the zona pellucida?

A
  • prevents implantation in uterine tube

- prevents polyspermy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does implantation occur?

A

6-12 says approx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Differentiation of the trophoblast

A

Syncytiotrophoblast - replicates quickly, invades the endometrium and goes though to the underlying stroma
Cytotrophoblast - non-invading part of the trophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the trophoblastic lacunae filled with?

A

Uterine milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does uterine milk do?

A

Provides early nourishment to embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a characteristic of syncytiotrophoblast?

A
  • multinucleate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the bilaminar layers of the embryo?

A

Epiblast - inner, blue

Hypoblast, outer, yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the amniotic cavity

A

With the epiblast (blue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does the primary yolk sac form?

A

Hypoblast cells migrate around the edges of the cytotrophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which cells form the exraembryonic mesoderm?

A

Epiblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What cavity does the extraembyronic mesoderm form?

A

Chorionic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the process of gastrulation?

A

Bilaminar embryo becomes trilaminar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When is the embryo bilaminar?

A

Second week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When is the embryo trilaminar?

A

3rd week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the primitive streak form?

A

Back end of the epiblast

24
Q

What does the primitive streak consist of?

A

Primitive groove
Primitive pit
Primitive node

25
Q

When does the blastocyst hatch from the zona pellucida?

A

Day 6

26
Q

What does the hypoblast get displaced by?

A

Epiblast cells, forms difinitive endoderm

27
Q

What happens during gastrulation?

A

Migration of epiblast cells to form endoderm

Migration of epiblast cells to form embryonic mesoderm

28
Q

What do the mesoderm cells do?

A
  • proliferate
  • differentiate
  • induce other cells to differentiate
29
Q

Notochord

A
  • part where the mesoderm doesn’t form
  • originates at the primitive groove
  • chord like structure, grows forwards towards the head
30
Q

What determines the head end of the embryo?

A

The growth of the notochord

31
Q

What are the oral and cloacal membranes?

A

Other areas where the mesoderm doesn’t form

32
Q

Neuralation

A
  • notochord forms- sends signals to the overlying ectoderm to proliferate and differentiate
  • two folds appear
  • referred to as the neural groove before tube forms
33
Q

Where do neural crest cells originate from?

A

Crests of the neural tube

34
Q

What to neural crest cells form?

A
  • melanocytes of skin
  • Adrenal medulla
  • dorsal root ganglia
35
Q

What does the neural tube give rise to?

A

All parts of the brain and nervous system

36
Q

What happens to the cranial and caudal neuropores?

A

Remain open

Continuous with amniotic fluid

37
Q

How does the neural groove close?

A

Starts in the middle and continues in both directions

38
Q

What disease is caused by the failure of the neural tube/neural pores to close?

A

Spina bifida/ anencephaly

39
Q

Where do somites develop from?

A

Mesoderm

40
Q

What are the types of somites?

A

Sclerotome
Dermatome
Myotome

41
Q

Sclerotome

A

Bones of axial skeleton

42
Q

Dermatome

A

CT of skins (dermis)

43
Q

Myotome

A

Skeletal muscles of body, head and limbs

44
Q

When does head tail folding occur?

A

Day 22

45
Q

What is folding initiated by?

A

Rapid growth of the neuroectoderm, differential growth in different parts of the embryo

46
Q

Embryonic folding

A
  • replication of cells at the cranial end occurs more quickly than at the caudal end
  • this leads to head tail folding
47
Q

What happens to the heart bulge?

A

Initially goes towards cranial end, as folding occurs it moves back in the direction of the caudal end

48
Q

What does the mesoderm develop into?

A

Paraxial mesoderm (somites)
Intermediate mesoderm
Lateral plate mesoderm

49
Q

What is paraxial mesoderm also known as?

A

Somites

50
Q

Paraxial mesoderm

A
  • axial skeleton
  • voluntary muscles
  • parts of the dermis
51
Q

Intermediate mesoderm

A
  • urinary system

- parts of the genital system

52
Q

Lateral plate mesoderm

A
  • most smooth muscle
  • most connective tissue
  • cardiovascular system
53
Q

When does gastrulation start?

A

Day 14-15

54
Q

What are intergrins?

A

A type of cell-adhesion molecule

55
Q

What are intergrins important for?

A

The binding of the blastocyst to the endometrium

56
Q

What are some epidermal derivatives?

A
  • sweat and sebaceous glands
  • hairs and hair follicles
  • mammary glands
  • nails

ANHB1101 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions