Tissues Flashcards
What are the four basic types of tissue in the body?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?
Covers surfaces, lines organs, cavities, ducts.
Forms glands, protects.
It’s avascularity no blood vessels
What are the characteristics of connective tissue?
Bonds organs together, stores energy as fat, protects and supports, helps provide immunity.
What are the characteristics of muscular tissue?
Specialised for contraction, generates force,
Generates heat.
What are the characteristics of nervous tissue?
Detects changes inside be outside of the body.
Generates nerve impulses for muscle contraction and glandular secretions.
Name 5 main types of cell junctions.
Tight junctions Adherens junctions Desmosomes Hemidesmosomes Gap junctions
What are tight junctions?
Fuse together outer plasma membrane, prevent leakage
What are adherens junctions?
Contain dense proteins making up adhesion belt, stop cells separating during contractile activity.
What are desmosomes?
Anchors, ‘spot welding’ cells to stop separation.
What are hemidemosomes?
Anchor cells to basement membrane
What are gap junctions?
Connect cells, have channels for ions and small molecules to diffuse.
Also electrical impulses can pass through, eg ions, electrolytes, sugar, sodium
Name 5 characteristics of epithelial tissue?
Protection Filtration Secretes Absorbs Excretes substances.
What is the layer under the epithelial tissue?
Basement membrane
What is the name of the uppermost layer of cells closest to the surface?
Apical surface
What are the two types of epithelial tissue?
Surface epithelial
Glandular epithelial
What are the two classifications of epithelial tissue?
Simple - one layer
Stratified- multi layer
Basal surface is the bottom layer.
What are the 3 shapes of epithelial tissue?
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
What are the two main types of epithelial tissue cells?
Glandular and surface.
Name the two types of glandular epithelial tissue?
Endocrine and exocrine.
Endocrine tissue - pituitary, adrenals, pancreas.
Exocrine tissue - sweat glands, liver
What are the 3 types of epithelial membrane?
Cutaneous - dry, outside, skin.
Mucous - moist, open to exterior, nasal cavity, lining oesophagus
Serous - in closed cavities, pericardium, plural
Name 6 characteristics of connective tissue?
Protection - bear weight Binding together other tissues Support - ‘packing’ around organs High vascularity Extracellular matrix (fibres and collagen) Ground substance
Very abundant in body
What is ground substance? (4)
Fills space between cells and fibres,
full of water, proteins, polysaccharides
Mast cells
Oxygen diffuses through
Name 3 types of connective tissue?
Supporting - bone, cartilage
Fluid - blood, lymph
Connective tissue proper
Name the 3 types of injection sites.
Intradermal - top layer of skin
Subcutaneous - under dermis
Intramuscular - muscle tissue
What are two types of connective tissue proper?
General and specialised
What are the two types of general connective tissue proper?
Loose - lots of fluid
and dense - less cells more fibres
Dense comes in regular or irregular
