Cells 3 Flashcards
DNA is joined together by pairs of nucleotides, what are the pairs?
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
What bonds amino acids together in proteins?
Peptide bonds
How do the base pairs (letters) pair together in DNA?
AT and CG
What are the two main phases of protein synthesis?
Transcription and translation
In protein synthesis what is transcription, the first phase?
Information is transferred from DNA to RNA in the nucleus.
In protein synthesis what is translation, the second phase?
Information is translated so amino acids can make the proteins.
Where does transcription occur?
In the nucleus
Where does the translation occur?
In the cytoplasm
What is cytokinesis?
When cytoplasm splits in to two cells.
What are the four stages of DNA replication?
1 unwinding of DNA
2 breaking parent strands
3 assembly of new DNA
4 restoration of helix
What are the two ways cells divide?
Mitosis - somatic- (body cells)
Meiosis - gametes (develops in to egg or sperm)
Why do we need mitosis? (2)
To replace dead, injured cells
For growth and development
Which cells in the body cannot be readily replaced? (2)
Cardiac and neurone cells.
Why can’t red blood cells divide?
They have no nucleus
What is the cellular result of mitosis? (2)
Two identical daughter cells, with 23 PAIRS of chromosomes in each
