Chemistry And Biochemistry Flashcards
Name 4 types of energy the body uses?
Mechanical
Chemical - food
Electrical - particles moving along nerves
Electromagnetic - energy that travels in rays
What are the 4 main elements the body is made of?
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
What is the difference between molecule of an element and a compound?
A molecule of a compound is made from atoms of different elements.
A molecule of an element is made from atoms of the same element.
What are the two categories of compound molecules in the body?
Organic - contain carbon
Inorganic - no carbon
Name 3 types of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Name two types of monosaccharides?
Hexoses
Pentoses
Name thee hexose monosaccharides?
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Name three disaccharides?
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
Name two examples of polysaccharides?
Starch
Glycogen
- both converted to glucose for absorption
What are proteins broken down to?
Amino acids
What are the two types of proteins?
Structural and functional
What do structural proteins do?
Form body parts
Collegen
Keratin
Muscle proteins
What do functional proteins do?
Needed for physiological processes, antibodies and enzymes.
What is the process of adding water called to break down chemical bonds?
Hydrolysis
What effects the functioning of an enzyme? (2)
Temperature and pH
What is the enzymes optimum temperature to act in?
37 degrees C (body temp)
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
Name 3 types of lipids?
Neutral fats
Phospholipids
Steroids
Name 6 major electrolytes in plasma?
Sodium Potassium Chloride Calcium Magnesium Bicarbonate
Name the four main Inorganic Compound elements in the body?
NO CARBON
water
Salts
Acids
Bases
Name the three main Organic compound elements in the body?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
What is an ionic bond?
When an electron from an outer shell is donated to another electron
What is a covalent bond?
When an electron is shared between two elements
Polar covalent bonds have -ve and +ve parts to molecule.
non polar covalent bonds atoms shared equally
What is a molecule?
A molecule is made up of two or more atoms of either the same or different elements.
What is a peptide bond?
Join amino acids together to make proteins.
What is a solute?
A substance that can be dissolved in a SOLVENT.
Solution is made up of solute and solvent.
