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Hs1922 > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of blood vessels called?

A 
Tunica externa - outer
(protective elastic and collagen)
Tunica media - middle
(Smooth muscle)
Tunica interna - inner
(Endothelium and basement membrane)
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2
Q

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation occur where?

A

In the arterioles to regulate blood pressure

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3
Q

What is Cardiac Output?

A

Amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute

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4
Q

What is Stroke Volume?

A

Volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one contraction

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5
Q

How do you calculate cardiac output (CO)?

A

CO = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

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6
Q

What is cardiac output measured in?

A

L/min

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7
Q

What is Venous return?

A

Volume of blood returning to the heart

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8
Q

What is hypovolemic shock?

A

Decreased blood volume

Cardiac output decreases due to decline in stroke volume and venous return

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9
Q

What is systolic blood pressure?

A

Max pressure exerted in arteries during ventricular contraction

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10
Q

What is diastolic blood pressure?

A

Min pressure in arteries when left ventricle relaxes

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11
Q

What factors affect blood pressure?

A 
Cardiac output
Viscosity
Blood volume
Resistance
Elasticity of arteries
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12
Q

What is normal BP range?

A

120-100
—————
80-90

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13
Q

What is hypertension?

A

High BP

> 140/90

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14
Q

What is hypotension?

A

Low BP

<90/50

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15
Q

What monitors the stretching of the walls of blood vessels?

A

Baroreceptors

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16
Q

What do chemoreceptors monitor?

A

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen ion concentration in blood.

17
Q

What does high blood pressure damage?

A

Heart, brain, kidneys

18
Q

Where can you take a pulse from? (6)

A 
Common carotid artery
Axillary artery (armpit)
Brachial (elbow)
Radial artery (wrist)
Femoral artery (groin)
Dorsalis pedis (front ankle)
19
Q

What is TPR?

A

Total peripheral resistance

Total of all resistance by vessels the blood is pumped, length of vessels and viscosity

20
Q

What regulates blood pressure when there is a disruption in homeostasis?

A

Brain signals to cardiac centre to regulate BP through

neural regulation
Hormonal regulation
Autoregulation

Hs1922 (19 decks)

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