Cells Flashcards
What are the 3 major parts of a cell?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane.
Describe plasma membrane (4)
Defines extent of cell, has proteins and phospholipids, double layer, semi-permeable.
Has glycoproteins for cell recognition and recognition of pathogens
What do proteins do in plasma membrane? (4)
form passive channels to transport substances through, receptors for hormones to bind to, enzymes for catalysing reactions, cell to cell interactions, cellular junctions
Where are extracellular and intracellular fluids?
Extra - outside cell (interstitial)
Intra - inside cell
What are the types of movement across a cell? (2)
Passive and active.
What does active movement across cell membrane require?
ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate
Name 3 types of passive transport across cell membrane?
Diffusion, osmosis, filtration.
What is the difference between filtration and diffusion?
Filtration is solutes/fluids forced across membrane due to pressure difference.
Diffusion is particles moving down a concentration gradient.
What is active transport? (2)
Fluids or solutes moving against concentration gradient, requires ATP.
What is endocytosis?
Cell eating, cell taking what it needs from outside of cell. Particles caught in plasma membrane and form in to a vesicle inside cell.
What is pinocytosis?
Cell drinking, continually collecting nutrients from outside of cell. Small amounts continuously.
What is phagocytosis?
Immune system does this, white cells, cell membrane envelops organism/bacteria brings in to cell to destroy it.
Name 3 extension from membrane?
Cilia, microvilli, flagella.
What are glycoproteins?
Proteins in plasma membrane, for cell identification, to recognise invaders.
