Tissues 2 Flashcards
Define exocrine glands.
Epithelium vagilates and makes a tube from the surface, excreting substances to the surface i.e sweat glands.
Define endocrine glands.
Lose contact with the surface and become a mass of specialised cells, accumulating around blood vessels. Secrete hormones through the body via blood.
What is the structure of exocrine glands?
Tubular (secretes watery solutions) and acinar (secretes mucus) are simple, and tubuloacinar is compound.
Define mucous glands.
Secrete mucus.
Define mucus.
Mix of water and proteoglycans.
Define serous glands.
Protein rich secretion.
Define myoepithelial cells.
Special cells which are muscle and can contract to get mucus out from exocrine glands.
What type of tissue are endocrine glands made of?
Cuboidal epithelial.
What do the endocrine glands usually secrete?
Proteins and steroids.
Define parenchyma.
Functional tissue of an organ.
Define hepatocytes.
Arranged in rows between blood vessels and have numerous functions such as secretion.
What do support epithelial cells do in the liver?
Line blood vessels and bile ducts.
What are epithelial cells organised into in the kidney?
Nephrons.
What is the function of the kidney?
Filtration of blood and release of urine.
What do support epithelial cells do in the kidney?
Line blood vessels and renal pelvis which receives toxic urine.
Name 5 abnormal functions of epithelial cells.
Over proliferation Under proliferation Over secretion Under secretion Loss of cilia
What is proliferation?
Rapid reproduction of a cell, part, or organism
Name 3 examples of connective tissue.
Blood/bone marrow Mucous Reticular Loose Dense irregular Dense regular Cartilage Bone Adipose
What is the extracellular matrix?
Made of fibres, ground substance and tissue fluid. It can be insoluble like collagen or jelly like. Helps with the mechanical support of the surrounding cells.
Name the 3 types of fibres.
Collagen - i.e tendon, bendy but not stretchy
Elastic - i.e aorta, contracts
Reticular - i.e lymph, network of fibrous materials in an irregular material
Collagen makes up about _____% of your body weight and there are around ____ types.
30, 19.
Describe the formation of collagen.
Fibroblast –> Collagenase –> Triple Stranded Helix –> Collagen fibril –> Collagen fibre
What is the ground substance of the extracellular matrix made of?
Proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid, glycoproteins
Name 5 types of loose connective tissue.
Fibroblasts Macrophages Adipocytes Mast cells Undifferentiated mesenchyme cells
Define dense, regular connective tissue.
Really thick will small gaps in between e.g tendons
Define dense, irregular connective tissue.
Not orderly e.g sebaceous gland.
