Joints Flashcards
What are the 5 anatomical position checks?
Standing upright Head facing forward Palms facing forward, fingers together Heels together, toes directed anteriorly In males, erect penis
Define superior.
Towards the head
Define inferior
Towards the feet
Define Medial
Towards the midline
Define lateral
Away from the midline
Define Posterior
Towards the back
Define anterior
Towards the front
Define proximal
Towards the origin of the trunk
Define distal
Away from the origin of the trunk
Define a joint
Union between two or more rigid components i.e bone and cartilage.
Joints are needed for ______ and ______.
Movement, growth
Give 3 features of fibrous joints.
Dense, connective tissue
High tensile strength
Little movement in adults
What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?
Synchondroses (primary)
Symphyses (secondary)
Define synchondroses.
Allow for bone growth. Disappear in adults and have no movement.
Define symphyses.
Do not ossify with age, found in midline and have limited movement.
Where is fibrocartilage found?
Intervertebral discs
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
Articular cartilage
Give 3 features of synovial joints.
Greatest movement
Contain synovial cavity, articular cartilage, fibrous capsule and synovial membrane
Can also contain articular discs, ligaments and bursae
What is bursae?
Fluid filled sack where there is a high risk of friction.
How are joints kept stable?
By the shape of articulating surfaces, fibrous capsules, ligaments and muscles.
Define anastomoses
Cross connection between adjacent channels tubes, fibres etc.
What does Hilton’s law state?
The nerve supplying the muscle that crosses a certain joint must also innervate this joint.
