Carbohydrates 3

Question 1

Define glycolysis.

Answer 1

Complex series of chemical reactions, not requiring oxygen, that splits glucose, glycogen or other cells into pyruvate.

Question 2

What cell needs glycolysis for energy?

Answer 2

Red blood cells as they lack mitochondria.

Question 3

Step 1: a. Making, b. Catalyst, c. Energy production, D. Reversible/Irreversible

Answer 3

Glucose to Glucose-6-Phosphate
Hexokinase(glucokinase)
-1ATP
Irreversible

Question 4

Step 2: a. Making, b. Catalyst, c. Energy production, D. Reversible/Irreversible

Answer 4

Glucose-6-Phosphate to Fructose-6-Phosphate
Phosphohexose isomerase
N/a
Reversible

Question 5

Step 3: a. Making, b. Catalyst, c. Energy production, D. Reversible/Irreversible

Answer 5

Fructose-6-Phosphate to Fructose-1,6 -bisphosphate
Phosphofructokinase 1
-1ATP
Reversible (but first committed step)

Question 6

Step 4: a. Making, b. Catalyst, c. Energy production, D. Reversible/Irreversible

Answer 6

Fructose- 1,6 -bisphosphate to Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Aldolase
N/A
Reversible

Question 7

Step 5: a. Making, b. Catalyst, c. Energy production, D. Reversible/Irreversible

Answer 7

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Triose phosphate isomerase
N/A
Reversible

Question 8

Step 6: a. Making, b. Catalyst, c. Energy production, D. Reversible/Irreversible

Answer 8

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and Pi to 1,3 -bisphosphoglycerate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
1 NADH
Reversible

Question 9

Step 7: a. Making, b. Catalyst, c. Energy production, D. Reversible/Irreversible

Answer 9

1,3 -bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP
Phosphoglycerate kinase
N/A
Reversible

Question 10

Step 8: a. Making, b. Catalyst, c. Energy production, D. Reversible/Irreversible

Answer 10

3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate
Phosphoglycerate mutase
N/A
Reversible

Question 11

Step 9: a. Making, b. Catalyst, c. Energy production, D. Reversible/Irreversible

Answer 11

2-phosphoglycerate - phosphoenolpyruvate
Enolase
H20
Reversible

Question 12

Step 10: a. Making, b. Catalyst, c. Energy production, D. Reversible/Irreversible

Answer 12

Phosphoenolpyruvate to Pyruvate and ATP
Pyruvate kinase
1ATP
Irreversible

Question 13

NAD+ needs to be regenerated but what can it be made from?

Answer 13

The vitamin niacin.

Question 14

What 3 things can happen to pyruvate?

Answer 14

Pyruvate -> ethanol + CO2
Pyruvate -> lactate
Pyruvate -> Acetyl CoA -> CO2 + H2O