How Nerves Work 1 Flashcards
What are the subdivisions of the nervous system?
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral Nerves
What are the 3 types of nervous system?
Somatic
Autonomic
Enteric
What are the meniges?
Three separate layers, physical support of brain.
What is the gyrus?
Higher bit of the brain squiggles.
What is the sulcus?
Lower part of the brain squiggles.
What is the cerebellum?
‘Little Brain’. Made of 2 halves and is used for things like co-ordination.
What is the cerebrum?
Made up of the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. Used for things such as thoughts and actions.
What is the diencephalon made of?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
What is the brain stem made of?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongate
What is the make up of the spinal cord?
8 Cervical - Neck, shoulders and arms 12 Thoracic - Chest and abdomen 5 Lumbar - Hips and legs 5 Sacral - Genitalia and gastrointestinal tract 1 Coccygeal
What is the path of neurons in the spinal cord?
Dorsal root afferent (sensory) -> ganglion -> interneurons -> ventral root efferent (motor)
What is white matter and grey matter made of?
White - axons
Grey - Cell bodies
What are the two horns in the spinal cord?
Dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom).
What is the function of the cell body?
Nucleus, makes proteins.
What is the function of the dendrites?
Receive information from the synapses.
What is the function of the initial segment (axon hillock)?
Triggers action potential.
What is the function of the axon?
Sends action potential.
What is the function of the axon collateral (branch off axon)?
Allows signal to be sent to multiple places.
What is the function of the axon terminals?
Release the transmitter.
What are the 3 types of neurones?
Afferent (peripheral), interneurons (CNS) and efferent (peripheral).
Glia comprise ____% of cells in the CNS.
90
What are the astrocytes of the glia?
Starlike
Maintain the external environment, make capillaries tight and don’t let them out, surround blood vessels for blood brain barrier.
What are the oligodendrocytes of the glia?
Form myelin sheaths in the CNS and wrap arounds axons.
What are the microglia of the glia?
Phagocytic hooves for infection.
What are the appendramil cells of the glia?
Fluid cells in the brain, produce the cerebrospinal fluid to keep brain floating.
