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Science for Medicine > How Nerves Work 1 > Flashcards

How Nerves Work 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the subdivisions of the nervous system?

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral Nerves

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of nervous system?

A

Somatic
Autonomic
Enteric

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3
Q

What are the meniges?

A

Three separate layers, physical support of brain.

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4
Q

What is the gyrus?

A

Higher bit of the brain squiggles.

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5
Q

What is the sulcus?

A

Lower part of the brain squiggles.

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6
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

‘Little Brain’. Made of 2 halves and is used for things like co-ordination.

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7
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A

Made up of the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. Used for things such as thoughts and actions.

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8
Q

What is the diencephalon made of?

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

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9
Q

What is the brain stem made of?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongate

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10
Q

What is the make up of the spinal cord?

A 
8 Cervical - Neck, shoulders and arms
12 Thoracic - Chest and abdomen
5 Lumbar - Hips and legs
5 Sacral - Genitalia and gastrointestinal tract
1 Coccygeal
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11
Q

What is the path of neurons in the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal root afferent (sensory) -> ganglion -> interneurons -> ventral root efferent (motor)

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12
Q

What is white matter and grey matter made of?

A

White - axons

Grey - Cell bodies

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13
Q

What are the two horns in the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom).

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14
Q

What is the function of the cell body?

A

Nucleus, makes proteins.

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15
Q

What is the function of the dendrites?

A

Receive information from the synapses.

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16
Q

What is the function of the initial segment (axon hillock)?

A

Triggers action potential.

17
Q

What is the function of the axon?

A

Sends action potential.

18
Q

What is the function of the axon collateral (branch off axon)?

A

Allows signal to be sent to multiple places.

19
Q

What is the function of the axon terminals?

A

Release the transmitter.

20
Q

What are the 3 types of neurones?

A

Afferent (peripheral), interneurons (CNS) and efferent (peripheral).

21
Q

Glia comprise ____% of cells in the CNS.

A

90

22
Q

What are the astrocytes of the glia?

A

Starlike
Maintain the external environment, make capillaries tight and don’t let them out, surround blood vessels for blood brain barrier.

23
Q

What are the oligodendrocytes of the glia?

A

Form myelin sheaths in the CNS and wrap arounds axons.

24
Q

What are the microglia of the glia?

A

Phagocytic hooves for infection.

25
Q

What are the appendramil cells of the glia?

A

Fluid cells in the brain, produce the cerebrospinal fluid to keep brain floating.

Science for Medicine (49 decks)

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