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Anatomy and physiology 1 > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue

A

group of similar cells, in close proximity, organized to perform one of more specific functions.

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2
Q

What are the four classes of tissues?

A

-epithelial
-connective
-muscle
-nervous

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3
Q

What are the 4 functions of epithelia?

A

-providing physical protection
-control permeability
-provide sensation
-produce specialized secretions

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4
Q

Three specializations of epithelial cells:

A

-move fluids OVER the epithelium
-move fluids THROUGH the epithelium
-produce secretions

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5
Q

Microvilli

A

increase surface area, absorption, and secretion

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6
Q

Cilia

A

move fluids across the epithelium

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7
Q

Simple epithelium

A

single layer of cells

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8
Q

Stratified epithelium

A

several layers of cells

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9
Q

Squamous epithelium

A

flat shaped

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10
Q

Cuboidal epithelium

A

square shaped

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11
Q

Columnar epithelium

A

tall shaped

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12
Q

Mesothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium that lines body cavities

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13
Q

Endothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium that lines heart and blood vessels

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14
Q

Simple squamous function

A

absorption and diffusion

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15
Q

stratified squamous function

A

protects against attacks

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16
Q

simple cuboidal function

A

secretion and absorption

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17
Q

stratified cuboidal function

A

make up sweat and mammary glands

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18
Q

simple columnar function

A

absorption and secretion

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19
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium function

A

involves cilia movement of mucous

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20
Q

stratified columnar function

A

protection

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21
Q

Endocrine glands

A

release hormones into interstitial fluid

does not have ducts

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22
Q

Exocrine glands

A

produce secretions into epithelial surfaces through ducts

ex: breast milk from mild ducts

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23
Q

Merocrine secretion

A

-produced in the golgi apparatus
-released by vesicles through exocytosis

ex: sweat glands

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24
Q

Apocrine secretion

A

-produced in the golgi apparatus
-are released by shedding cytoplasm

ex: mammary gland

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25
Q

Holocrine secretion

A

-released by cells bursting; killing gland cells
-cells are then replaced by stem cells

ex: sebaceous gland

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26
Q

3 characteristics of connective tissue

A

-specialized cells
-solid extracellular (protein fibers)
-fluid extracellular (ground substance)

27
Q

Connective tissue:

A

-connects epithelium to the rest of the body
-provides structure (bone)
-stores energy (fat)
-transports materials (blood)
-has no contact with the environment

28
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

has more ground substance; less fibers

ex: fat or adipose tissue

29
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

has more fibers and less ground substance

ex: tendons

30
Q

Connective tissue proper function

A

connect and protect

31
Q

fluid connective tissue function

A

transport

32
Q

supportive connective tissue function

A

structural strength

33
Q

True or false: Collagen fibers are the most common fibers in connective tissue proper

A

TRUE

ex: ligaments or tendons

34
Q

Reticular fibers

A

network of interwoven fibers that is strong and flexible

resists force in many directions

ex: sheaths around organs

35
Q

Elastic fibers

A

contain elastin and return to original length after stretching

ex: elastic ligaments of vertebrae

36
Q

Ground substance

A

clear, colorless, and viscous
fills spaces between cells and slows pathagens

37
Q

Areolar tissue

A

least specialized elastic fibers
holds blood vessels and capillary beds

38
Q

Adipose tissue

A

white fat or brown fat

39
Q

Reticular tissue

A

supports fibers that support functional cells and reticular organs

40
Q

Dense regular connective tissue function

A

-attachment and stabilization

ex: tendons and ligaments that go in the same direction

41
Q

Dense irregular connection tissue function

A

-interwoven networks of collagen fibers
-layered in skin, around cartilage and bones

42
Q

Fluid connective tissue consists of:

A

blood and lymph

43
Q

Cartilage

A

gel-like ground substance

44
Q

Bone

A

calcified and used for structure

45
Q

Three types of cartilage

A

elastic, fibrocartilage, hyaline

46
Q

Fibrocartilage characteristics

A

-limits movement
-prevents bone to bone contact
-pads knee joints

47
Q

Bone cells (osteocytes)

A

arranged around central glands within a matric

48
Q

Periosteum

A

covers bony surfaces

49
Q

Membranes

A

physical barriers that line or cover portions of the body

-created by epithelium + connective tisssue

50
Q

Mucous membranes

A

line passageways that have external connections

51
Q

Serous membranes

A

-line cavities and are not open to the outside
-have fluid to reduce friction

52
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

skin on the surface of the body

53
Q

Synovial membranes

A

-line moving joint cavities
-produce synovial fluid
-protects the ends of bone

54
Q

3 types of muscle

A

-skeletal
-cardiac
-smooth

55
Q

Skeletal muscle cells in appearance are:

A

striated, voluntary, and multi-nucleated

56
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

-cardiocytes
-form branching networks connected at intercalated disks
-striated, voluntary, and single-nucleated

57
Q

Smooth muscle

A

-small and tapered
-can divide and regenerate
-nonstriated, involuntary, and single nucleus

58
Q

Neural tissue is concentrated in:

A

the brain and spinal cord

59
Q

Neurons

A

-nerve cells
-perform electrical communication

60
Q

Neuroglia

A

provide homeostatic, structural and metabolic support of neurons

61
Q

Cell body of the neuron

A

contains nucleus and nucleolus

62
Q

Dendrites of the neuron

A

-short branches extending from the cell body
-receive incoming signals

63
Q

Axon of the neuron

A

-long, thin extension of the cell body
-carries outgoing electrical signals to their destination

Anatomy and physiology 1 (4 decks)

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