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Anatomy and physiology 1 > The skeleton (axial & appendicular) > Flashcards

The skeleton (axial & appendicular) Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones make up the axial skeleton?

A

80

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2
Q

The skull protects

A

the brain, entrances to the respiratory system, and entrance to the digestive system

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3
Q

The cranial cavity consists of:

A

fluids, blood vessels, nerves, and membranes

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4
Q

Deep facial bones separate:

A

the oral and nasal cavities and form the nasal septum

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5
Q

What are the four major sutures?

A

lamdoidal, coronal, squamous, sagittal

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6
Q

Function of the hyoid bone

A

supports the larynx

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7
Q

True or False: The hyoid bone does NOT articulate with any other bones

A

TRUE

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8
Q

Marks of the hyoid bone:

A

body, greater horns, and lesser horns

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9
Q

Fontanels

A

areas of fibrous connective tissue (soft spots)

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10
Q

How many bones are in the vertebral column?

A

24 vertebrae
the sacrum
the coccyx

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11
Q

How many cervical vertebrae?

A

7

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12
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae?

A

12

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13
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae?

A

5

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14
Q

Primary curves (spine)

A

acomodate for internal organs

thoracic and sacral curves

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15
Q

Secondary curves (spine)

A

AKA compression curves that shift body weight for upright posture

lumbar and cervical curves

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16
Q

What are the 3 parts of the vertebrae?

A

Vertebral body (centrum)
Vertebral arch
Articular processes

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17
Q

Invertebral discs

A

pads of fibrocartilage that separate the vertebral bodies and absorbs shock

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18
Q

The atlas (C1):

A

Articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull

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19
Q

The Axis (C2):

A

Supports the atlas

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20
Q

Vertebrae prominens (C7):

A

transitions to thoracic vertebrae

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21
Q

Whiplash

A

a traumatic dislocation of cervical vertebrae

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22
Q

T1-T10 vertebrae:

A

have contact with costal cartilage and transverse costal facets

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23
Q

T1-T8 vertebrae:

A

articulate with 2 pairs of ribs at superior and inferior costal facets

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24
Q

T9-T11 vertebrae:

A

articulate with one pair of ribs

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25
Q

T10-T12 vertebrae:

A

transition to lumbar vertebrae

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26
Q

True or False: The sacrum is more curved in males than females

A

TRUE

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27
Q

The adult sacrum consists of how many fused sacral vertebrae?

A

5

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28
Q

At what age is the sacral vertebrae fuse together?

A

between 25-30

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29
Q

A mature coccyx consists of how many coccygeal vertebrae?

A

replaces the vertebral canal3-5

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30
Q

The first __ coccygeal vertebra have transverse processes and unfused vertebral arches

A

2

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31
Q

The thoracic cage consists of:

A

thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum

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32
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there?

A

12 (24 in total)

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33
Q

True ribs

A

ribs 1-7

connected to the sternum by costal cartilage

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34
Q

False ribs

A

ribs 8-12

do not attach directly to the sternum

35
Q

Vertebronchondral ribs

A

ribs 8-10

fuse together

36
Q

Floating or vertebral ribs

A

ribs 11-12

connect only to the vertebrae

37
Q

The head (capitulum) of the ribs

A

located at the vertebral end of the rib with superior and inferior articular facets

38
Q

the neck of the ribs

A

the short area between the head and the tubercle

39
Q

The tubercle (tuberculum) of the ribs

A

a small dorsal elevation

40
Q

Manubrium

A

superior portion, triangular shape that articulates with cartilages of 1st rib pair

41
Q

Xiphoid process

A

smallest part of the sternum that attaches to the sternal body and diaphragm

42
Q

Pectoral gidle connects:

A

the arms to the body

43
Q

Clavicle

A

AKA the collarbone

originate at the manubrium (sternal end) and articulate with the scapulae (acromial end)

44
Q

Scapula

A

AKA the shoulder blades

Broad, flat triangles that articulate with the arm and collar bone

45
Q

The anterior surface of the scapula:

A

subscapular

46
Q

Within the body of the scapula how many borders are there?

A

superior border

medial border (vertebral border)

lateral border (axillary border)

47
Q

The head of the scapula holds the:

A

glenoid cavity which articulates with the humerous to form the shoulder joint

48
Q

Scapular spine:

A

ridge across the posterior surface of scapula body that separates the suprespinous fossa and infraspinous fossa

49
Q

Humerous

A

the long, upper arm bone that articulates with the pectoral girdle

50
Q

The head of the humerous:

A

rounded, articulating surface contained within joint capsule

51
Q

Lateral and medial epicondyle of the humerous function:

A

muscle attachment

52
Q

Trochlea of the humerous:

A

articulates with the ulna

53
Q

Olecranon fossa of the humerus:

A

accommodates the olecranon of the ulna when the arm is fully extended

54
Q

Capitulum of the humerous:

A

articulates with the radius

55
Q

The antebrachium consists of:

A

two long bones AKA the radius and ulna

56
Q

The olecranon of the ulna:

A

proximal articular portion of the ulna and provides flexion and extension of the elbow

57
Q

Trochlear notch of the ulna:

A

large, C-shaped depression in the upper end of the ulna bone that articulates with the humerus to form the elbow joint

58
Q

The radius:

A

long bone in the forearm that helps with arm and wrist movement

59
Q

The wrist consists of __ carpal bones?

A

8 in total:

4 proximal carpal bones

4 distal carpal bones

60
Q

The hand consists of __ metacarpal bones?

A

5 long bones in the hand numbered I-V from lateral (thumb) to medial

61
Q

The pollex consists of:

A

2 phalanges (proximal and distal)

62
Q

The fingers consist of:

A

3 phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal)

63
Q

The os coxae consists of:

A

3 fused bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis

64
Q

Acetabulum

A

AKA the hip socket

meeting point of the ilium, ischium, and pubis and is located on the lateral surface of the os coxae

65
Q

Obturator foramen (os coxae)

A

formed by the ischial and pubic rami

attaches hip muscles

66
Q

Pubic synthesis (os coxae)

A

gap between pubic tubercles that is padded with fibrocartilage

67
Q

The pelvis consists of:

A

two ossa coxae, sacrum, and coccyx that are stabilized with ligaments pf the pelvic girdle, sacrum, and lumbar vertebrae

68
Q

True pelvis

A

the space in the pelvis that contains the bladder, rectum, and part of the colon located below the pelvic brim

69
Q

False pelvis

A

the upper part of the pelvis that sits above the pelvic brim

70
Q

What are the childbearing modifications of the pelvis?

A

-enlarged pelvic outlet
-broad pubic angle (>100*)
-less curvature of sacrum/coccyx
-wider, circular pelvic inlet
-broad, low pelvis

71
Q

Femoral head

A

articulates with pelvis at acetabulum

72
Q

The neck of the femur:

A

narrow area between the head and trochanters

73
Q

Greater trochanter of the femur:

A

a large bony eminence at the proximal femur that provides an insertion site for the tendons of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus that function as strong hip abductors

74
Q

Lesser trochanter of the femur:

A

a compact conical bony prominence positioned at the junction of the posteroinferior region of the femoral neck and the shaft

75
Q

Shaft of the femur:

A

the long, straight part of the thighbone that supports body weight and forms the structure of the thigh

76
Q

Patella

A

aka knee cap

77
Q

Medial malleolus of the tibia

A

medial projection at ankle

78
Q

Lateral malleolus of the fibula

A

lateral projection at ankle

79
Q

The ankle consists of:

A

7 tarsal bones

80
Q

Talus (ankle)

A

carries weight from tibia across trochlea

81
Q

Calcaneus (ankle)

A

aka the heel bone

transfers weight from talus to ground and attaches to the achilles tendon

82
Q

The foot consists of:

A

5 metatarsal bones

83
Q

Transverse arch

A

formed by a difference in curvature between medial and lateral borders of the foot

Anatomy and physiology 1 (8 decks)

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