Joints Flashcards
Synarthrosis classifications:
-no movement
-fibrous, bony connections
-may fuse over time
-strong
4 types of synarthrosis joints
-suture
-gomphosis
-synchondrosis
-synostosis
Suture
-skull only
-bony fusion
-bound by dense fibrous connective tissue
Gomphosis
-fibrous
-teeth to gums
Synchondrosis
-rigid cartilaginous bridge between two bones
-epiphyseal cartilage of long bones
Synostosis
-fused bones, immovable
Amphiarthrosis classifications
– little movement
– fibrous or cartilaginous connections
– stronger than freely movable joint
What are the two types of amphiarthrosis joints?
syndesmosis and symphasis
Syndesmosis
bones connected by ligaments
Symphysis
bones separated by cartilage such as the pubic synthesis
Diarthrosis classifications
-more movement
-end of long bones
Cartilage
used for cushions
Fat pads
used for protection
Ligaments
used for support
Tendons
used for support and attaches to muscles
Bursae
used for cushions where tendons and ligaments rub
What are the different synovial joints?
Gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoidal, saddle, ball-and-socket.
Gliding joint
– Flattened or slightly curved faces
– Limited motion
Hinge joint
Angular motion in a single plane
ex: elbow, knee, or ankle
Pivot joint
Rotation only
ex: atlas/axis
Ellipsoidal joint
– Oval articular face within a depression
– Motion in 2 planes (biaxial)
Saddle joint
two concave faces, straddled
Ball-and-socket joint
– Round articular face in a depression
ex: shoulder or hip
C2 to L5 spinal
vertebrae articulate:
-at inferior and superior articular surfaces (gliding joints)
-between adjacent vertebral bodies (symphyseal joints)
Slipped disc
-bulge in anulus fibrosus
-invades vertebral cavity
Herniated disc
– nucleus pulposus breaks through anulus fibrosus
– presses on spinal cord or nerves
Glenohumeral joint (aka shoulder joint)
– allows more motion
than any other joint
– is the least stable
– supported by skeletal
muscles, tendons,
ligaments
* Ball-and-socket
diarthrosis
The elbow joint
A stable hinge joint
-With articulations between humerus, radius, and ulna
- Humeroulnar joint:
– trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
– limited movement
-Humeroradial joint:
– smaller articulation
– capitulum of humerus and head of radius
Hip joint
Also called coxal joint
* Strong ball-and-socket diarthrosis
* Wide range of motion
* Head of femur fits in it
* Socket of acetabulum
* Which is extended by
fibrocartilage acetabular labrum
The knee joint
A complicated hinge joint
* Transfers weight from femur to
tibia
* 2 femur–tibia articulations:
– at medial and lateral
condyles
– 1 between patella and
patellar surface of femur
* Medial and lateral menisci:
– fibrocartilage pads
– at femur–tibia articulations
– cushion and stabilize joint
– give lateral support
Rheumatism
A pain and stiffness of skeletal
and muscular systems
Osteoarthritis
Caused by wear and tear of joint
surfaces, or genetic factors affecting collagen
formation, generally in people over age 60
Rheumatoid Arthritis
An inflammatory condition,
caused by infection, allergy, or autoimmune
disease, involves the immune system, any age
Gouty Arthritis
Occurs when crystals (uric acid or
calcium salts) form within synovial fluid due to
metabolic disorders
