Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Body Systems > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic types of tissues?

A
  1. Epithelial tissue.
  2. Connective tissue.
  3. Muscular tissue.
  4. Nervous tissue.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A
  • Covers body surfaces.
  • Lines cavities.
  • Hollow organs and ducts and forms glands.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Characteristics of connective tissue?

A
  • Protects and supports the body and its organs.
  • Binds organs together.
  • Stores energy reserves as fat.
  • Provides immunity.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Characteristics of muscular tissue?

A
  • Generates physical force needed to make body structures move.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Characteristics of nervous tissue?

A
  • Detects changes inside and outside body.
  • Initiates and transmits nerve impulses that coordinate body activities to help maintain homeostasis.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Simple epithelial is?

A

A single layer of cells that functions in diffusion, osmosis, secretion etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pseudostratified is?

A

Multiple layers of cells because cell nuclei are at different levels and not all cells reach the apical surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stratified is?

A

Consists of more than 2 layers of cells that protect underlying tissues in locations where there is tear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Squamous cells?

A
  • Thin.
  • Allow for rapid passage of substances.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cuboidal cells?

A
  • Tall as they are wide and shaped like cubes.
  • May have microvilli at their apical surface and function in either secretion or absorption.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Columnar cells?

A
  • Much taller than are wide.
  • Like columns.
  • There apical surfaces may have cilia or microvilli.
  • Specialised for absorption and secretion.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Transitional cells?

A

Change shape from flat to cuboidal or back.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a gland?

A
  • A gland may consist of one cell or a group of highly specialised epithelial cells that secrete substances into ducts, surfaces or into blood.
  • All glands of the body are either endocrine or exocrine.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

These glands enter the fluid around cells (interstitial) and diffuse into bloodstream. These secretions are called hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an exocrine gland?

A

Secrete their products into ducts that empty at surface of covering or lining like mucus and earwax.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Simple squamous epithelium?

A
  • Single layers of flat cells.
  • Location: Lines heart, blood vessels, air sacs of lungs.
  • Function: Filtration, diffusion, osmosis and secretion in serous membranes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium?

A
  • Single layer of cube shaped cells.
  • Location: Lines kidney, smaller ducts of many glands, makes up secreting portion of some glands such as thyroid gland.
  • Function: Secretion and absorption.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium?

A
  • Simple layer of nonciliated column like cells.
  • Location: Lines most of gastrointestinal tract (from stomach to anus) and gallbladder.
  • Function: Secretion and absorption. Helps trap dust entering respiratory tract.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium?

A
  • Single layer of ciliated column like cells.
  • Location: Lines a few portions of upper respiratory tract, tubes and uterus.
  • Function: Mucus secreted by goblet cells forms a film over a respiratory surface that traps inhaled foreign particles.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pseudostratified columnar?

A
  • Nuclei cells of all levels.
  • Location: Lines airways of most upper respiratory tract.
  • Function: Ciliated variety secretes mucus that traps foreign particles and cilia sweep away mucus for elimination from body.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a goblet cell?

A

Their role is to protect the surface of epithelium and catch harmful particles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stratified squamous?

A
  • 2 or more layers of cells.
  • Location: Lining of mouth, esophagus etc.
  • Function: Protection, provides first line of defence against microbes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stratified cuboidal?

A
  • 2 or more layers.
  • Location: Ducts of adult sweat glands.
  • Function: Protection and limited secretion and absorption.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Stratified columnar?

A
  • Basal layers.
  • Location: Lines urethra, anal mucous membrane.
  • Function: Protection and secretion.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Transitional epithelium?

A
  • Location: Lines urinary bladder.
  • Function: Allows urinary organs to stretch and maintain protection lining.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Connective tissue functions?

A
  • Binds together.
  • Supports.
  • Strengthens other body tissues.
  • Protects and insulates internal organs.
  • It is the major transport system within the blood.
27
Q

Connective tissue contains of 2 basic elements?

A
  • Cells.
  • Extracellular matrix.
28
Q

Types of connective tissues? What is a fibroblast?

A

Large flat cells with branching processes. Present in several connective tissues.

29
Q

Macrophage?

A

Are phagocytes that develop from monocytes, a type of white blood cell.

30
Q

Plasma cell?

A

Important part of body’s immune response.

31
Q

Mast cells?

A

Involved in inflammatory response and kill bacteria.

32
Q

Adipocytes?

A

Are fat cells.

33
Q

Ground substance?

A

Component of connective tissue between cells and fibers, supports cells binds them together and provides a medium where substances are exchanged between the blood and cells.

34
Q

Fibers?

A

Extracellular matrix strengthens and supports connective tissues.
3 types:
- Collagen.
- Elastic.
- Reticular.

35
Q

Collagen fibre?

A
  • Strong, promotes flexibility, often in parallel bundles.
  • Function: Resist pulling forces.
36
Q

Elastic fibre?

A
  • Branched, stretchy, elastin.
  • Function: Allows tissue to expand and recoil.
37
Q

Reticular tissue?

A
  • Collagen coated with glycoprotein and branched network round cells.
  • Function: Supports blood vessel walls and framework for soft organs.
38
Q

Classification of connective tissues?

A
  1. Loose connective.
  2. Dense connective.
39
Q

Loose connective?

A
  • Loosely arranged among many cells.
  • Types are:
    Areolar.
    Adipose.
    Reticular.
40
Q

Dense connective?

A
  • More closely packed, denser and thicker fibres, but fewer than loose connective.
    Three types are:
    Dense regular.
    Dense irregular.
    Elastic.
    Support.
41
Q

What is a cartilage?

A
  • Consists of a dense network of collagen fibres or elastic fibres.
  • The cells responsible for cartilage formation are called chondrocytes.
  • Spaces called lacunae.
  • Since cartilage has no blood supply, it heals poorly after injury.
42
Q

3 types of cartilage?

A
  • Hyaline.
  • Fibrocartilage.
  • Elastic cartilage.
43
Q

Bones?

A
  • Are organs composed of connective tissues.
  • Several function: Support soft tissues protects delicate structures and generates movement.
44
Q

2 examples of liquid connective tissue?

A
  • Blood tissue.
  • Lymph
45
Q

Areolar tissue?

A
  • Location: In and around nearly every body structure.
  • Function: Strength, elasticity and support.
46
Q

Adipose?

A
  • Location: Wherever Areolar tissue is located, around heart and kidneys.
  • Function: Reduces heat loss through skin, energy reserve, supports and protects organs.
47
Q

Reticular?

A
  • Location: Stroma of liver, spleen, red bone marrow.
  • Function: Forms stroma of organs, binds smooth muscle tissues, filters and removes works out blood cells.
48
Q

Dense regular?

A
  • Location: Most ligaments and tendons.
  • Function: Provides strong attachment.
49
Q

Dense irregular?

A
  • Location: Often in sheets, deeper region of skin dermis of skin.
  • Function: Provided pulling (tensile) strength.
50
Q

Elastic?

A
  • Location: Lung tissue, walls of elastic arteries.
  • Function: Allows stretching of various organs and recoil.
51
Q

Hyaline?

A
  • Location: Ends of long bones, nose, ribs.
  • Function: Provides smooth surfaces for movement at joints, weakest type of cartilage.
52
Q

Fibrocartilage?

A
  • Location: Hip joints meet, interverbal discs.
  • Function: Support and joining structures together. Strongest cartilage type.
53
Q

Elastic cartilage?

A
  • Location: Ear.
  • Function: Provides strength and elasticity.
54
Q

Types of membranes?

A
  • Mucous membranes: Lines body cavity directly to exterior. Like respiratory, digestive system.
  • Serous: Lines body cavity that does not open directly to exterior.
  • Synovial: Lines cavities of some joints .
55
Q

3 types of muscular tissue?

A
  1. Skeletal- Usually attached to bones.
  2. Cardiac- Forms bulk of the wall of the heart
  3. Smooth- Located in walls of blood vessels, lungs, stomach, hollow internal structures.
56
Q

Skeletal muscle?

A
  • Multinucleated.
  • Actin and myosin, striated.
  • Voluntary control.
57
Q

Cardiac?

A
  • One nucleus.
  • Striated.
  • Involuntary control.
  • Shorter than skeletal fibres.
58
Q

Smooth?

A
  • One nucleus.
  • Not striated.
  • Involuntary control.
  • Shorter than skeletal fibres.
59
Q

Nervous tissue consists of?

A
  • Neurones- Convert stimuli to nerve impulses and conduct.
  • Neuroglia- Do not generate or conduct nerve impulses.
60
Q

Neuron structure?

A
  • Cell body contains nucleus and mitochondria called soma.
  • Dendrites- Transfer nerve impulse to the soma.
  • Axon- Carries action potential away to another excitable (where depolarisation can occur) cell.
61
Q

Neuroglia is composed of?

A
  • Astrocytes: Regulate ion concentration, uptake or breakdown some neurotransmitters.
  • Microglia: Protect nervous system against infection.
  • Oligodendrocyte: Produces myelin in CNS.
  • Ependymal cells: Produces CSF (fluid that flows in and around your brain and spinal cord).
62
Q

Restoring homeostasis? Tissue repair.

A
  • Necrosis: Accidental cell death causing inflammation.
  • Inflammation: Standard, initial response of body to injury.
  • New cells originate by cell division from stroma.
  • If parenchymal cells accomplish repair, tissue regeneration is possible, almost perfect re construction may occur.
  • If fibroblasts have to come for repair, they form scar tissue, process called fibrosis.
63
Q

Aging and tissues?

A
  1. Tissues heal faster when younger.
  2. Collagen and elastic fibres change with age.
  3. Bones lose calcium and other minerals.
  4. Fluid decreases in fibrous cartilage. (In vertebral column).
  5. Blood vessels and airways become rigid.
  6. CNS lose mass, nerves do not transmit impulses with same speed or frequency.
  7. Many tissues lose mass, process called atrophy.

Body Systems (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions