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Body Systems > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 body systems play the most important roles in maintaining homeostasis?

A

Endocrine.
Nervous.

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2
Q

Neurology?

A

Study of nervous system.

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3
Q

There is:
Central nervous system.
Peripheral system.

A
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4
Q

Functions of nervous system?

A
  1. Detecting (sensory function).
  2. Analysing, integrating, storing sensory information (integrative function).
  3. Reasoning to decisions (motor function).
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5
Q

Sensation is?

A

Reviving information about the environment to find out what is harkening outside the body.

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6
Q

Stimuli that are revived by sensory structures communicated it nervous system where information is processed?

A

Called integration.

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7
Q

CNS consists of?

A

Brain.
Spinal cord.

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8
Q

Peripheral nervous system consists of?

A

Nerves.
Ganglia.

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9
Q

Dendrite?

A

Receives stimulus and carries impulse.

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10
Q

Cell body?

A

Nucleus and most of cytoplasm.

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11
Q

Axon?

A

Fibre carries impulses away from cell body.

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12
Q

Schwann cells?

A

Cells produce myelin or fat layer in peripheral.

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13
Q

Myelin sheath?

A

Insulated axon, increases speed of nerve impulses.

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14
Q

Node of ranvier?

A

Gaps in myelin sheath.

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15
Q

3 types of neurons?

A
  • Sensory: Bring messages to CNS.
  • Motor: Bring from CNS.
  • Interneurons: Between sensory and motor.
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16
Q

Neuroglia in PNS include?

A

Schwann cells.
Satellite cells.

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17
Q

Two types of neuroglia produce myelin sheaths?

A
  • Oligodendrocytes in CNS.
  • Schwann cells in PNS.
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18
Q

Satellite cells?

A

Support neuron in ganglion.

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19
Q

White matter?

A

Myelinated axons.

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20
Q

Grey matter?

A

Cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons.

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21
Q

H shape in spinal cord formed by?

A

Grey matter.

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22
Q

In brain, grey matter covers?

A

Cerebrum and cerebellum.

23
Q

Ganglion is?

A

Refers to a cluster of cell bodies located in PNS.

24
Q

Cranial nerves connect?

A

Brain to periphery.

25
Q

Spinal nerves?

A

Connect spinal cord to periphery.

26
Q

Tract?

A

A bundle of axons that is located in the CNS.

27
Q

Impulses move in one direction?

A

Dendrite to cell body to axon.

28
Q

These impulses are not?

A

A flow of electrons.

29
Q

Action potentials caused by?

A

Sodium and potassium ions moving.

30
Q

In a resting potential or axon?

A

Inside of axon is slightly negative.

31
Q

At resting potential?

A

High K+ inside and high Na+ outside.

32
Q

In saltatory conduction?

A

Nerve impulse leaps from one node to another.

33
Q

CNS?

A
  • Brain:
    Cerebrum.
    Thalamus and hypothalamus.
    Medulla, pons and midbrain.
    Cerebellum.
  • Spinal cord.
34
Q

Meninges?

A

Refer to membranous coverings.
3 layers of this:
- Dura mater.
- Arachnoid mater.
- Pia mater.

35
Q

These coverings have 2 major functions?

A
  • Supportive framework.
  • Protect CNS from mechanical damage.
36
Q

Arachnoid mater?

A

Middle layer of meninges.
Underneath dura mater.
On top of pia mater.

37
Q

Ventricular system is divided into four cavities known as the?

A

Ventricles.
Which are connected by a series of holes called foramen and tubes.
- 2 ventricles enclosed in the cerebra hemispheres are called lateral ventricles (first and second).
- They each communicate with the third ventricle through a separate opening called Foramen of Munro.

38
Q

The third ventricle is located?

A

In the centre of the brain and its walls are made up of thalamus and hypothalamus.
- The third ventricle connects with the fourth ventricle through a king tube called the Aqueduct of Sylvius.

39
Q

The spinal cord and brain are protected against chemical and physical injury by?

A

The CSF.
Cerebrospinal fluid.
- Clear, colourless liquid that carries oxygen and other chemical to neurons and neurosis and removes their wastes and toxic substances.

40
Q

CSF circulates through?

A

Ventricles.

41
Q

Sites of CSF production is called?

A

Choroid plexuses.

42
Q

Cerebrum?

A

Conscious activity like thoughts and emotions.

43
Q

Thalamus?

A

Filters and then relays information to various brain regions.

44
Q

Hypothalamus?

A

Involved in regulating activities, monitoring information form autonomic nervous system, controlling pituitary gland and hormones.

45
Q

Brainstem?

A

Medulla, midbrain and pons (involuntary responses) and relays information from spine to upper brain.

46
Q

Cerebellum?

A

Coordination of movement and aspect of motor learning.

47
Q

The brain consists of how many neurons?

A

85 billion roughly.

48
Q

Most obvious aspect of cerebrum is?

A

Cerebral cortex.

49
Q

The left side elf the brain controls the right and the right side of the brain controls the left side of your body.

A
50
Q

Left side of brain is for?

A

Spoken and written language, reasoning and skills.

51
Q

Right side of the brain is for?

A

Spatial and pattern recognition and emotional content.

52
Q

Cerebral hemisphere has four lobes named after the bone that cover them?

A
  • Frontal lobe.
  • Parietal lobe.
  • Temporal lobe.
  • Occipital lobe.
53
Q

Major regions of the diencephalon are?

A

Thalamus.
Hypothalamus.
Pineal gland. Secrets hormone melatonin and is part of endocrine system.

54
Q

Corpus callosum is?

A

Massive fibre system of axons connecting two sides of brain.

Body Systems (9 decks)

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