Nervous System Flashcards
Which 2 body systems play the most important roles in maintaining homeostasis?
Endocrine.
Nervous.
Neurology?
Study of nervous system.
There is:
Central nervous system.
Peripheral system.
Functions of nervous system?
- Detecting (sensory function).
- Analysing, integrating, storing sensory information (integrative function).
- Reasoning to decisions (motor function).
Sensation is?
Reviving information about the environment to find out what is harkening outside the body.
Stimuli that are revived by sensory structures communicated it nervous system where information is processed?
Called integration.
CNS consists of?
Brain.
Spinal cord.
Peripheral nervous system consists of?
Nerves.
Ganglia.
Dendrite?
Receives stimulus and carries impulse.
Cell body?
Nucleus and most of cytoplasm.
Axon?
Fibre carries impulses away from cell body.
Schwann cells?
Cells produce myelin or fat layer in peripheral.
Myelin sheath?
Insulated axon, increases speed of nerve impulses.
Node of ranvier?
Gaps in myelin sheath.
3 types of neurons?
- Sensory: Bring messages to CNS.
- Motor: Bring from CNS.
- Interneurons: Between sensory and motor.
Neuroglia in PNS include?
Schwann cells.
Satellite cells.
Two types of neuroglia produce myelin sheaths?
- Oligodendrocytes in CNS.
- Schwann cells in PNS.
Satellite cells?
Support neuron in ganglion.
White matter?
Myelinated axons.
Grey matter?
Cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons.
H shape in spinal cord formed by?
Grey matter.
In brain, grey matter covers?
Cerebrum and cerebellum.
Ganglion is?
Refers to a cluster of cell bodies located in PNS.
Cranial nerves connect?
Brain to periphery.
Spinal nerves?
Connect spinal cord to periphery.
Tract?
A bundle of axons that is located in the CNS.
Impulses move in one direction?
Dendrite to cell body to axon.
These impulses are not?
A flow of electrons.
Action potentials caused by?
Sodium and potassium ions moving.
In a resting potential or axon?
Inside of axon is slightly negative.
At resting potential?
High K+ inside and high Na+ outside.
In saltatory conduction?
Nerve impulse leaps from one node to another.
CNS?
- Brain:
Cerebrum.
Thalamus and hypothalamus.
Medulla, pons and midbrain.
Cerebellum. - Spinal cord.
Meninges?
Refer to membranous coverings.
3 layers of this:
- Dura mater.
- Arachnoid mater.
- Pia mater.
These coverings have 2 major functions?
- Supportive framework.
- Protect CNS from mechanical damage.
Arachnoid mater?
Middle layer of meninges.
Underneath dura mater.
On top of pia mater.
Ventricular system is divided into four cavities known as the?
Ventricles.
Which are connected by a series of holes called foramen and tubes.
- 2 ventricles enclosed in the cerebra hemispheres are called lateral ventricles (first and second).
- They each communicate with the third ventricle through a separate opening called Foramen of Munro.
The third ventricle is located?
In the centre of the brain and its walls are made up of thalamus and hypothalamus.
- The third ventricle connects with the fourth ventricle through a king tube called the Aqueduct of Sylvius.
The spinal cord and brain are protected against chemical and physical injury by?
The CSF.
Cerebrospinal fluid.
- Clear, colourless liquid that carries oxygen and other chemical to neurons and neurosis and removes their wastes and toxic substances.
CSF circulates through?
Ventricles.
Sites of CSF production is called?
Choroid plexuses.
Cerebrum?
Conscious activity like thoughts and emotions.
Thalamus?
Filters and then relays information to various brain regions.
Hypothalamus?
Involved in regulating activities, monitoring information form autonomic nervous system, controlling pituitary gland and hormones.
Brainstem?
Medulla, midbrain and pons (involuntary responses) and relays information from spine to upper brain.
Cerebellum?
Coordination of movement and aspect of motor learning.
The brain consists of how many neurons?
85 billion roughly.
Most obvious aspect of cerebrum is?
Cerebral cortex.
The left side elf the brain controls the right and the right side of the brain controls the left side of your body.
Left side of brain is for?
Spoken and written language, reasoning and skills.
Right side of the brain is for?
Spatial and pattern recognition and emotional content.
Cerebral hemisphere has four lobes named after the bone that cover them?
- Frontal lobe.
- Parietal lobe.
- Temporal lobe.
- Occipital lobe.
Major regions of the diencephalon are?
Thalamus.
Hypothalamus.
Pineal gland. Secrets hormone melatonin and is part of endocrine system.
Corpus callosum is?
Massive fibre system of axons connecting two sides of brain.
