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Body Systems > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis?

A
  • Superficial, thinner portion composed of epithelial tissue.
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2
Q

Dermis?

A
  • Deeper, thicker portion, composed of dense irregular connective tissue.
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3
Q

Hypodermis?

A

Deep to dermis but not part of skin is subcutaneous (hypodermis).

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4
Q

Epidermis contains 4 types of cells?

A
  • Keratinocytes: Produce keratin. Protects cells, maintains elasticity,
  • Melanocytes: Produce melanin. Melanin protects skin by shielding from the sun.
  • Intraepidermal macrophages- Immune response.
  • Tactile epithelial cells: Detect touch sensations.
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5
Q

Lamellar granules?

A

Present in keratinocyte.
Release lipid rich secretion that acts as a water repellent sent, holding back loss of water.

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6
Q

Newly formed cells in the stratum basale are?

A

Slowly pushed to surface.

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7
Q

More and more kertain accumulation is called?

A

Keratinisation.

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8
Q

Epidermis has 4 layers?

A
  • Stratum corneum- Most superficial layer.
  • Stratum granulosum- Keratinocytes undergo apoptosis here.
  • Stratum spinosum- Provides strength and flexibility.
  • Stratum basale- Deepest layer.

Palms and soles have one extra layer- Stratum Lucidum.

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9
Q

Dermis?

A
  • Superficial layer is called papillary layer.
  • Consists of:
    Areolar (contains elastic fibres).
    Dermal papillae with though receptors.
    Capillary loops and sensory neurons.
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10
Q

Meissner corpuscle?

A

Type of touch receptor.
Found in dermal papillae.

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11
Q

Deepest part of dermis is called?

A
  • Reticular layer.
  • Consists of:
    Dense irregular.
    Elastic and collagen.
  • Function: Provide strength and flexibility.
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12
Q

Accessory structures of skin are?

A
  • Hair.
  • Nails.
  • Glands.
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13
Q

Associated with hair are?

A
  • Bundles of smooth muscle called arrector pili.
  • Sebaceous glands or oil glands.
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14
Q

Colour of hair is due to?

A

Melanin.
- Grey hair occurs with decline in melanin.
- White hair results from accumulation of air bubbles in the hair shaft.

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15
Q

Glands?

A

Single or groups of epithelial cells that secrete a substance.

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16
Q

Sebaceous glands?

A
  • Usually connected to hair follicles.
  • Produce sebum which moistens hair and waterproofs skin.
17
Q

Ceruminous glands?

A

Reduces risk of bacterial and fungal infection.
Located in ear canal, earwax.

18
Q

Sudoriferous glands?

A

Secrete water and salt as sweat.
Helps lower body temperature.

19
Q

Two types of sudoriferous glands?

A
  • Apocrine: Found mainly in skin of armpit, groin etc.
  • Eccrine: Most prevalent. Found in forehead, palms and soles.
20
Q

Cell division of nail matrix cells produces?

A

New nails.

21
Q

5 major functions of skin?

A
  1. Body temperature regulation- Release sweat to lower temperature.
22
Q

2.?

A

Protection.
Keratin protects tissue form microbes and heat etc.
Lipids released by lamellar granules inhibit evaporation of water from skin surface.

23
Q

3.?

A

Cutaneous sensations.
Touch, pressure, vibration and pain.

24
Q

4.?

A

Excretion and absorption.
Skin has a small ability to absorb and excrete chemicals and toxins.

25
Q

5.?

A

Synthesis if vitamin d.
Exposing skin to UV radiation activates vitamin d.

26
Q

When there is damage to skin, cells begin to heal to restore homeostasis?

A
  • Epidermal- Involves damage to epidermis only and stratum basale move into wound to reproduce and create new layers.
  • Deep wound healing- Extends to epidermis and lower. Fibroblast lay down collagen and forms scar tissue.
27
Q

Aging and integumentary system?

A
  • Collagen fibres decrease in number and stiffen.
  • Elastic fibres lose elasticity, thicken into clumps.
  • Fibroblasts which produce both of the above decreasing number known as wrinkles.
  • Less sebum and sweat.
  • Hair thins may stop going.
  • Slower skin healing.
28
Q

3 common forms of skin cancer?

A
  • Basal cell carcinoma. Tumours in stratum basale, rarely spread.
  • Squamous cell carcinoma. Arise from stratum spinosum and may spread.
  • Malignant melanoma. Arise from melanocytes.
29
Q

Exposure to UV radiation may?

A

Produce photosensitivity, reaction of skin.

30
Q

Burns?

A

1st- Only epidermis and mild pain, no blisters.
2nd- Damage epidermis and part of dermis, can cause blisters.
3rd- Damage epidermis and dermis and subcutaneous layer, most skin functions are lost.

31
Q

Which is the only layer of the epidermis that contains stem cells capable of continued cell division?

A

Stratum basale.

32
Q

Cuticle of the nail consists of?

A

Stratum corneum.

33
Q

Arrector pilli contract in response to?

A

Stress like cold or fright.

Body Systems (9 decks)

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