Muscular System Flashcards
Study of muscles is?
Myology.
Muscular tissue has 5 functions.
- Body movements.
- Stabilise body positions.
- Regulating organ volume.
- Moving substances within body.
- Releasing heat.
Epimysium?
Covering an entire muscle.
Perimysium?
Covering fascicles (bits).
Endomysium?
Covering individual muscle fibres.
Tendons?
Attach muscle to bone.
Skeletal muscles are well supplied with?
Nerves.
Blood vessels.
Muscle fibres arranged in a group called?
Muscle fasciculi.
Many joined together forms a skeletal muscle.
Sarcolemma is?
Plasma membrane which encloses entire skeletal muscle fibre.
Transverse tubule (T)?
Tunnel in from surface to centre of each muscle fibre.
Each fibre also contains?
Myofibrils that contain thick and thin filaments.
Function unit of muscle is?
Sarcomere.
Thick filaments?
Myosin.
Thin filaments?
Actin, tropomyosin and troponin.
Function of sarcastic reticulum?
To store calcium ions.
2 myosin heads at end of each tail.
Tropomyosin?
Covers active site and prevents formation of cross bridges.
Troponin?
Is a portion that initiates muscle contraction.
A band?
Dark area.
Contains both thick and thin filaments.
H zone?
Contains only thick filaments.
I band?
Contains thin filaments.
Each muscle has many capillaries.
During contraction of muscles, veins are?
Compressed.
Motor units stimulate action potential.
Calcium ions form a complex with?
Calmodulin which activates kinase that phosphorylates synapsin protein.
Contains acetylcholine.
Contraction cycle?
- Split ATP.
- Form cross bridge.
- Power stroke generates force.
- Binding ATP and detaching, myosin detached from actin.
Muscle fatigue?
Inability of muscle to contract after prolonged activity.
Elevated oxygen use after exercise is called?
Recovery oxygen uptake.
Isometric contraction?
Occurs when muscles produce tension without a change in muscle length.
Isotonic contraction?
Tension in muscle stays relatively constant.
Each muscle fibre innervated by only one motor neurone but one motor neurone can innervate multiple muscle fibres.
Innervate means supply with nerves.
Single contraction is called?
Twitch.
Tension produced can be measured by a?
Myogram.
3 phases recognised as twitch?
- Latent period.
- Contraction phase.
- Relaxation phase.
If muscle is resting?
Not produced maximal tension.
If muscle is stretched?
Tension will increase.
Cardiac muscle tissue is also known as?
Myocardium.
Contractility of cardiac muscle can be altered by?
- Autonomic nervous system.
- Hormones.
Depolarisation of sarcoplasm in cardiac tissue?
Lasts longer.
Where is intermediate filaments found?
Smooth muscle.
Smooth muscle tone?
A state of continuous partial contraction of smooth muscle tissue.
My son in continues to bind to actin until?
Level of calcium falls.
Smooth muscle in digestion system?
React to swallow.
This is known as peristalsis.
With aging, skeletal muscle mass replaced by?
Adipose tissue.
Attachment to bone is?
Origin.
Attachment into moveable bone is?
Insertion.
Biceps=
2 origins.
Triceps=
3 origins.
Quadriceps=
4 origins.
Depressor?
Produces inferior movement.
Supinator?
Moves palm anteriorly.
Pronator?
Moves palm posteriorly.
Sphincter?
Open and close passages.
Tensor?
Makes a body part rigid.
Abductor?
Moves bone away.
Adductor?
Moves bone closer to.
Levator?
Superior movement.
Extensor?
Stretch or extend.
Flexor?
Bend.
Muscular dystrophy?
Progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass.
Fibromyalgia?
Widespread muscle pain.
Myasthenia gravis?
Weakness of skeletal muscles.
