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Body Systems > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Study of muscles is?

A

Myology.

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2
Q

Muscular tissue has 5 functions.

A
  • Body movements.
  • Stabilise body positions.
  • Regulating organ volume.
  • Moving substances within body.
  • Releasing heat.
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3
Q

Epimysium?

A

Covering an entire muscle.

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4
Q

Perimysium?

A

Covering fascicles (bits).

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5
Q

Endomysium?

A

Covering individual muscle fibres.

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6
Q

Tendons?

A

Attach muscle to bone.

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7
Q

Skeletal muscles are well supplied with?

A

Nerves.
Blood vessels.

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8
Q

Muscle fibres arranged in a group called?

A

Muscle fasciculi.
Many joined together forms a skeletal muscle.

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9
Q

Sarcolemma is?

A

Plasma membrane which encloses entire skeletal muscle fibre.

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10
Q

Transverse tubule (T)?

A

Tunnel in from surface to centre of each muscle fibre.

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11
Q

Each fibre also contains?

A

Myofibrils that contain thick and thin filaments.

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12
Q

Function unit of muscle is?

A

Sarcomere.

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13
Q

Thick filaments?

A

Myosin.

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14
Q

Thin filaments?

A

Actin, tropomyosin and troponin.

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15
Q

Function of sarcastic reticulum?

A

To store calcium ions.

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16
Q

2 myosin heads at end of each tail.

A
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17
Q

Tropomyosin?

A

Covers active site and prevents formation of cross bridges.

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18
Q

Troponin?

A

Is a portion that initiates muscle contraction.

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19
Q

A band?

A

Dark area.
Contains both thick and thin filaments.

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20
Q

H zone?

A

Contains only thick filaments.

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21
Q

I band?

A

Contains thin filaments.

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22
Q

Each muscle has many capillaries.

A
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23
Q

During contraction of muscles, veins are?

A

Compressed.

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24
Q

Motor units stimulate action potential.

A
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25
Q

Calcium ions form a complex with?

A

Calmodulin which activates kinase that phosphorylates synapsin protein.
Contains acetylcholine.

26
Q

Contraction cycle?

A
  • Split ATP.
  • Form cross bridge.
  • Power stroke generates force.
  • Binding ATP and detaching, myosin detached from actin.
27
Q

Muscle fatigue?

A

Inability of muscle to contract after prolonged activity.

28
Q

Elevated oxygen use after exercise is called?

A

Recovery oxygen uptake.

29
Q

Isometric contraction?

A

Occurs when muscles produce tension without a change in muscle length.

30
Q

Isotonic contraction?

A

Tension in muscle stays relatively constant.

31
Q

Each muscle fibre innervated by only one motor neurone but one motor neurone can innervate multiple muscle fibres.

A

Innervate means supply with nerves.

32
Q

Single contraction is called?

A

Twitch.

33
Q

Tension produced can be measured by a?

A

Myogram.

34
Q

3 phases recognised as twitch?

A
  • Latent period.
  • Contraction phase.
  • Relaxation phase.
35
Q

If muscle is resting?

A

Not produced maximal tension.

36
Q

If muscle is stretched?

A

Tension will increase.

37
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue is also known as?

A

Myocardium.

38
Q

Contractility of cardiac muscle can be altered by?

A
  • Autonomic nervous system.
  • Hormones.
39
Q

Depolarisation of sarcoplasm in cardiac tissue?

A

Lasts longer.

40
Q

Where is intermediate filaments found?

A

Smooth muscle.

41
Q

Smooth muscle tone?

A

A state of continuous partial contraction of smooth muscle tissue.

42
Q

My son in continues to bind to actin until?

A

Level of calcium falls.

43
Q

Smooth muscle in digestion system?

A

React to swallow.
This is known as peristalsis.

44
Q

With aging, skeletal muscle mass replaced by?

A

Adipose tissue.

45
Q

Attachment to bone is?

A

Origin.

46
Q

Attachment into moveable bone is?

A

Insertion.

47
Q

Biceps=

A

2 origins.

48
Q

Triceps=

A

3 origins.

49
Q

Quadriceps=

A

4 origins.

50
Q

Depressor?

A

Produces inferior movement.

51
Q

Supinator?

A

Moves palm anteriorly.

52
Q

Pronator?

A

Moves palm posteriorly.

53
Q

Sphincter?

A

Open and close passages.

54
Q

Tensor?

A

Makes a body part rigid.

55
Q

Abductor?

A

Moves bone away.

56
Q

Adductor?

A

Moves bone closer to.

57
Q

Levator?

A

Superior movement.

58
Q

Extensor?

A

Stretch or extend.

59
Q

Flexor?

A

Bend.

60
Q

Muscular dystrophy?

A

Progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass.

61
Q

Fibromyalgia?

A

Widespread muscle pain.

62
Q

Myasthenia gravis?

A

Weakness of skeletal muscles.

Body Systems (9 decks)

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