Tissues Flashcards
What is tissue?
A group of similar cells working together to perform a common function
Epithelial Tissue
layers of skin that form the covering of all body surfaces.
-protection, absorption
-keeps all organs separated
Connective tissues
-connects and binds body tissues together
-protects and cushions
-Some are vascularized or avascular
Muscle Tissue
to produce movement.
Nervous Tissue
Responsible for sending and receiving messages
Characteristics of Epithelial tissues
-cells fit closely together to form continuous sheets
-membrane always have one apical surface,(free surface)
-Lower surface of membrane rests on the basal surface
-Avascular(no blood supply)
-reproduce easily
How Epithelial tissues are classified
-simple= one layer
-stratified=more than one layer
-cuboidal=cube shaped
-squamous- flat
-columnar=column
-pseudostratified= false or appears
-transitional= cells that can stretch
Simple Squamous
a type of epithelial tissue that is a single layer of flattened cells
-Absorbs and secrets
-forms membranes lining body cavities and lining lungs and capillaries
-located in the air sacs of lungs, lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
Simple Cuboidal
a type of epithelial tissue that is a single layer of cube-shaped cells.
-secrets and absorbs
-located in the kidney tubes, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, and ovary surface
Simple Columnar
a type of epithelial tissue that is a single layer of tall, cylindrical cells
-absorb, secret mucus and enzymes
-located in the digestive track, small bronchi and uterine tubes.
Pseudostratified Columnar
a type of epithelial tissue that is one layer of different heights and shapes of cells
-secrets mucus
-located in the carrying ducts of large glands and in most of the upper respiratory tract
Transitional tissue
a type of epithelial tissue that resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal.
-Stretches and permits distention of the urinary bladder
-lines the ureters and part of the urethra
Stratified Squamous
-multiple layers of flat cells
-protects underlying tissues in areas of high friction
-located in the linings of the mouth and esophagus as well as the epidermis of the skin
Exocrine glands
-secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface
-includes sweat and oil glands
Endocrine Gland
-ductless since secretions diffuse into the blood vessels
-all secretions are hormones
Characteristics of connective tissue
-some tissue types are well vascularized
-some have poor blood supply or are avascular.
Extracellular matrix
non-living materials that surrounds living cells
-made up of ground substance and fibers
Fibers that make up the extracellular matrix
collagen(white) fibers
elastic(yellow) fibers
Reticular fibers
Areolar tissue
a connective tissue that is soft and pliable, wraps and cushions organs, holds tissue fluid, edema.
-located in package organs, surrounds capilares.
Adipose Tissue
commonly called fat
-similar matrix to areolar connective tissue
-closely packed adipocytes
-insulation against heat loss
-reserves food fuel
-protects organs
-located under skin, withing the abdomen and around organs such as the kidneys
Reticular connective tissue
interwoven reticular fibers and cells
-forms soft internal skeleton (stoma) that supports other cell types
-located in lymphoid organs(bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes)
Dense regular connective tissue
dense fibrous tissue
-withstands great stress when pulling force is applied in one direction
-located in ligaments,tendons, and aponeuroses.
Dense Irregular connective tissue
irregularly arranged collagen fibers, with some elastic fibers
-able to withstand tension in many directions, provides structural strength.
-located in the dermis of skin, capsules of organs and joints, and the submucosa of digestive track
Blood
vascular tissue
-transports nutrients and waste throughout the cardiovascular system
-found all throughout the body in blood vessels
Bone
hard, calcified matrix that contains collagen fibers and osteocytes
-supports and protects organs, stores calcium minerals, and fat
Hyaline cartilage
adundent collagen fibers, has a glassy appearance
-supports and reinforces/cushions
-loacated in the structure of the larynx, attacks ribs to breastbone, covers ends of bones at joints
Elastic Cartilage
similar to hyaline cartilage, but with more elastic fibers in the matrix
-maintains shape, while allowing great flexibility
-located in external ear
Fibrocartilage
less firm with thick collagen fibers
-tensile strength
-shock absorption
-located in intervertebral disks, public symphysis, and the meniscus of knee.
ligaments
a short band of tough, flexible fibrous connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint.
Tendons
a fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.
Skeletal tissue
-under voluntary control
-contracts to pull on bones or skin
-produces gross body movements or facial expressions
Cardiac muscle tissue
-under involuntary control
-found only in the heart
-pumps blood
Smooth muscle tissue
-under involuntary control
-found in walls of hallow organs
-goes through a process called peristalsis
peristalsis
smooth muscles contract in waves to push food from the esophagus to the anus
Nervous tissue
found in the brain,spinal cord, and nerves
-composed of neurons and support cells(neuroglia)
-responsible for sending and receiving messages
