Respiratory System Quiz Flashcards
Functions of the Respiratory System?
Exchanging respiratory gases between the blood and external environment.
(Works with the Cardiovascular System)
Nasal Cavity
Nose
Divided into the left and right sides by the nasal septum.
Lined with Ciliated mucosa.
air gets warmed, filtered, and moistened.
Nasal Conchae
bones that divide the nasal cavity.
supports the mucus membrane and increases the surface area
Pharynx
Also known as the throat.
Divided into three sections: nasopharynx,oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Air is diverted away from the esophagus/stomach and into the lungs
Epiglottis
A flexible flap of cartilage at the superior end of the larynx,
During the action of swallowing, this flap bends downward to cover the opening of the airway, allowing food and liquids to enter the esophagus.
Larynx
Also known as the voice box
Inferior to the pharynx
Composed of 8 rigid pieces of cartilage.
Houses the vocal cords.
Trachea
Also known as the windpipe.
Supported by C-shaped rings of cartilage.
Ciliated epithelial cells line the trachea, contributing to the cleansing of incoming air.
Bronchi
The trachea divided into the left and right primary bronchi
Each bronchus divides into smaller branches that carry air throughout the lungs.
Primary bronchi
Air enters the lungs from the trachea
Secondary Bronchi
air traveling from the primary bronchi enters into the lobes of the lung.
Tertiary Bronchi
Where air enters after traveling through the secondary bronchi
Terminal Bronchi
Where air enters after traveling through the tertiary bronchi, the end-tails of the bronchial tree.
Bronchial Tree
In each lung, the primary bronchi branch into smaller sna smaller airways, forming this structure. End into clusters of air sacs- alveoli
Lungs
Spongy Tissue that sit within the pleural cavity.
Right side=3 lobes
Left side= 2 lobes
Consists of a cardiac notch-the space for the heart
Pleural Membranes
The surface of each lungs covered in visceral pleural and parietal pleura. Lubricates the lungs during breathing.
Alveoli
Thin-walled air sacs that make up the bulk of lung tissue
Gas exchange occurs by simple diffusion through the respiratory membrane
Surfactant
An oily secretion that forms a superficial coating on the alveolar surface, reducing surface tension.
Without this oily secretion, the delicate alveolar walls wound collapse.
Nasopharynx
Top part of the throat
Oropharynx
The middle part of the throat, behind the mouth
Laryngopharynx
The lower part of the throat that is a crucial connection point through which food, water, and air pass
Events during expiration
Inspiratory muscles relax
Size of thoracic cavity decreases
Pressure increases.
Air flows out of the lungs from the area of higher pressure to the environment that is a lower pressure.
Diaphragm goes up
Events during inspiration
Inspiratory muscles contract
Size of Thoracic cavity increases/volume increases
Pressure is reduced(decreases)
Air flows into the lungs from an area of higher pressure to the body, which has an area of low pressure
The diaphragm moves downward.
Respiratory Capacity
How much air moves into and out of the lungs under different conditions
Affected by size, age, biological sex, and physical condition
Tidal volume
The amount if air that moves into and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing
Vital Capacity
The total amount of air that can be exchanged
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
The amount of air that can be inhaled forcibly after a normal inhalation.
Expiratory Reserve Volume
The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation.
Process of Gas Exchange
Oxygen particles from the alveoli(which has a high concentration) diffuse to the blood stream, that has a lower concentration of oxygen molecules. In exchange, carbon dioxide in the blood(which has a high concentration), diffuses into the lungs that has a lower concentration of co2.
Partial Pressure
Percentage of concentration of a specific gas multiplied by the total pressure of a gas.
Factors that influence Respiratory rate
Increased body temperature
exercise
talking
coughing
volition(mindful breathing)
Emotional factors
Chemical factors(level of CO2 in the blood)
External Respiration
oxygen movement into the blood and carbon dioxide movement out of the blood.
Internal Respiration
oxygen movement into the body tissues and the carbon dioxide movement out of the tissues and into the blood.
Paranasal Sinuses
Spaces within the bones
Made up of the Maxillary Sinus, Frontal Sinus, Ethmoid Sinus, and Sphenoid Sinus.
Pulmonary Ventilation
Air moving into and out of the lungs; breathing
Respiratory Gas transport
O2 and CO2 are transported by the bloodstream
Cystic Fibrosis
A genetic condition where a faulty protein affects the body cell tissues and the glands that make mucus and sweat. Mucus builds up into the lungs which leads to poor malnutrition and lung disease.
Lung Cancer
Cancer that forms in tissues of the lung, usually in the cells lining air passages. The two main types are small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. These types are diagnosed based on how the cells look under a microscope.
Tuberculosis
A contagious and potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that attacks the lungs.
Asthma
A chronic disease in which the bronchial airways in the lungs become narrowed and swollen, making it difficult to breathe.
Emphysema
A disorder affecting the alveoli (tiny air sacs) of the lungs. Alveoli become abnormally inflated, damaging their walls and making it harder to breathe.
