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Anatomy > Blood/Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Blood/Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Blood

A

The only fluid connective tissue in the human body that takes up 8% of the body.
Color is a scarlet red when oxygenated. Color is a dull red when deoxygenated.
pH levels remain between 7.35-7.45
Temperature is at 100.4F
Average volume is around 5-6 liters.

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2
Q

Type A Blood

A

Type of blood that carries A-antigens and B-antibodies
Cannot mix with type B or AB blood.
Can mix with type A and O blood.

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3
Q

Type B Blood

A

Type of blood that carries B-antigens and A-antibodies.
Cannot mix with Type A or AB blood.
Can mix with type B and O Blood.

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4
Q

Type O Blood

A

Type of blood that carries no antigens and carries both A and B antibodies.
Is the universal donor and can only receive/mix with type O blood.

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5
Q

Type AB blood

A

Type of blood that has both A and B antigens.
Is a universal recipient(they can mix with any other types of blood.)

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6
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red Blood cells
Function: Carry and distribute waste, nutrients and oxygen throughout the body
Has no nucleus, contains few organelles and carries large amounts of hemoglobin.

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7
Q

Leukocytes

A

White Blood cells
Function: Defends the body against disease and bacteria
Has a nucleus, organelles, and is able to move into and out of blood vessels with ease

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8
Q

Platelets

A

initiates clotting process when a blood vessel bursts.

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9
Q

Plasma

A

The liquid structure of blood.
Includes dissolved nutrients, salts, respiratory gas, hormones, plasma proteins, and waste products.

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10
Q

Granulocytes

A

A type of white blood cell that’s granules can be strained, possesses a lobed nucleus, and includes neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

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11
Q

Agranulocytes

A

A type of white blood cells that lack visible granules, have a spherical nucleus, and includes lymphocytes and monocytes

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12
Q

Neutrophils

A

Type of granulocyte that has a multi-lobed nucleus with granules.
Attacks bacteria through phagocytosis

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13
Q

Eosinophils

A

type of granulocyte that has large brick-red granules and is found in response to allergies and parasitic worms.

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14
Q

Basophils

A

Type of granulocyte that contains histamine granules. Responsible for initiating inflammation, active in injury sites.

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15
Q

Monocyte

A

Type of agranulocyte where is the is the largest white blood cell and it initiates immune response to viruses.

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16
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Type of agranulocyte where the nucleus fills most of the cell and it is involved in the attacking of viruses and abnormal tissues.

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17
Q

Iron deficiency anemia

A

Results from abnormal or deficient hemoglobin content in the red blood cells. Decreasing the amount of oxygen that reaching your body.

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18
Q

Sickle Cell anemia

A

A genetic disorder where your blood cells are abnormally shaped(like a crescent moon)

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19
Q

Polycythemia

A

An excessive or abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the body

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20
Q

Leukocytosis

A

An excessive or abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells in the body.

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21
Q

Leukemia

A

The overproduction of white blood cells.
Take the places of red blood cells. Treatable with bone marrow transplants, chemotherapy, and radiation.

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22
Q

Hemophilia

A

A hereditary bleeding disorder where normal clotting factors are missing.
Takes a long time to stop bleeding.

23
Q

Beta Thalassemia

A

A hereditary blood disorder in which the body doesn’t as much beta globin as it should.

24
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Iron-containing proteins that bind strongly to oxygen found in red blood cells.
Function to pick of oxygen into the red blood cells from the lungs.

25
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

Eliminates carbon dioxide from the blood and oxygenates blood from the lungs pathway.

26
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

Picks of carbon dioxide from the body and distributes oxygen throughout the rest of it.

27
Q

Pericardium

A

A heart covering that has a double serious membrane

28
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

A heart covering membrane found next to the heart

29
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

A heart covering membrane that surrounds the outside of the heart.

30
Q

Serous Fluid

A

Fluid that fills the spaces between the layers of the pericardium

31
Q

The Three Heart Layers

A

Epicardium: the outer layer of the heart that is a connective tissue.
Myocardium: Middle layer of the heart made up of mostly cardiac muscle.
Endocardium: The inner layer of the heart that is mostly made up of endothelium.

32
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that transport oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body and has a large external elastic layer

33
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that transport deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart and has no external elastic layer. It has valves to prevent back flow.

34
Q

Valves

A

Allow blood to flow in only one direction and prevents back flow.
Consists of the atrioventricular(between atria and ventricles) valve, Bicuspid Valve(left), Tricuspid Valve(right), and the Semilunar valve(between ventricles and arteries)

35
Q

Chambers of the Heart

A

Right Atrium(holds deoxygenated blood)
Right Ventricle(holds deoxygenated blood)
Left Atrium(holds oxygenated blood)
Left Ventricle(holds oxygenated blood)

36
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

One complete heartbeat

37
Q

Stroke Volume

A

Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction

38
Q

Cardiac Output

A

The amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute
CO=(heart rate) x(stroke volume)

39
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation of the heart

40
Q

Systole

A

Contraction of the heart

41
Q

Factors that regulate heart rate

A

High or low blood pressure
exercise
hormones
stress
certain foods
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.

42
Q

Blood Pressure

A

Measurements made by healthy professionals that count the pressure of large arteries.

43
Q

Systolic Pressure

A

pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction

44
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

pressure when the ventricles relax

45
Q

Hypertension

A

High systolic pressure(contraction) that can be majorly dangerous

46
Q

Hypotension

A

Low systolic pressure (contraction)that is often associated with sickness.

47
Q

Coronary Heart Disease

A

when the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle get blocked.

48
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

when part of the coronary arteries are blocked

49
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Fully blocked coronary arteries
HEART ATTACK

50
Q

Venules

A

A small vein that connects to capillaries and collects blood.

51
Q

arterioles

A

A small artery that connects to capillaries and gives deoxygenated blood.

52
Q

capillaries

A

Connect arteries and veins together, the reason for why blood can flow between arteries, veins, and back to the heart without issues.

53
Q

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

A

is a surgical procedure to treat coronary artery disease

54
Q

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

A

a minimally invasive procedure to open blocked or stenosed coronary arteries allowing unobstructed blood flow to the myocardium.

Anatomy (10 decks)

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