Digestive System Test

Question 1

The four layers of the Digestive Tract

Answer 1

Serosa- outer layer
Muscle Layers- layer of muscle beneath the serosa.
Submucosa- Just beneath the mucosa.
Mucosa-innermost layer of the tract.

Question 2

Function of the oral cavity

Answer 2

Mechanically breaks down food through mastication(chewing from teeth)
Secrets salvia from the salivary glands which help to chemically break down starch(gives the food taste)

Question 3

Function of Pharynx

Answer 3

Propels food into the esophagus through peristalsis. Has no digestive function.

Question 4

Function of the Esophagus

Answer 4

Conducts food through peristalsis. Muscles propel the food dowards, towards the stomach.

Question 5

Function of the stomach

Answer 5

Acts as a storage tank for food.
Site of food breakdown.
Chemically breaks down protein due to the pepsin it secrets. Forms food into chyme.

Question 6

Functions of the small intestine

Answer 6

Site of nutrient absorption into the blood. Has little hair like fibers of cilia that help absorb subsistence.
Divided into three sections(duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) enzymes of the pancreas are secreted into this organ to help with chemical digestion.

Question 7

Functions of the large intestine

Answer 7

Divided into four sections that absorb water, vitamins, and electrolytes.
Eliminated indigestive food from the body as feces. Does not participate in chemical/mechanical digestion.

Question 8

Function of the Rectum and Anus

Answer 8

Eliminates waste from human body. Does not participate in mechanical/chemical digestion.

Question 9

Function of the Liver

Answer 9

Largest gland in the body that produces bile, detoxifies drugs/alcohol, degrades hormones, and plans a major role in metabolism.

Question 10

Function of the gallbladder

Answer 10

A sac that stores bile from the liver by way of the cystic duct, connects to the small intestines.

Question 11

Function of the pancreas

Answer 11

Produces a wide spectrum of digestive enzymes that break down all categories of food. Enzymes get secreted into the small intestine.
Enzymes include: amylase, trypsin, lipase, and nuclease.

Question 12

Structure of the Oral Cavity

Answer 12

Teeth=mechanically breaks down food
Labia(lips)=protect the opening of the mouth
Hard palate=forms the anterior roof of mouth
Soft palate=forms the posterior roof of mouth)
Uvula=fleshy projection of soft palate.

Question 13

Epiglottis

Answer 13

A flap of skin that stops food from entering the respiratory system.

Question 14

Anatomy of the stomach

Answer 14

Regions include: the cardioesophageal sphincter( where food enters the stomach) the cardiac region(near the heart), fundus, body, the rugae(internal folds of the mucosa) and the pylorus(funnel-shaped terminal end)
The pylorus sphincter empties food from the stomach into the small intestine.

Question 15

Villi

Answer 15

finger-like structures formed by the mucosa. Allows the small intestines to absorb nutrients.

Question 16

Microvilli

Answer 16

small projects of the plasma membrane of villi.

Question 17

Pancreatic Amylase

Answer 17

An enzyme helps to complete digestion of starch

Question 18

Pancreatic Trypsin

Answer 18

An enzyme that carries out about half of all protein digestion.

Question 19

Pancreatic Lipase

Answer 19

An enzyme that is responsible for fat digestion.

Question 20

Pancreatic Nuclease

Answer 20

An enzyme that digests nucleic acids.

Question 21

Segmental movements

Answer 21

mix chyme with digestive juices and aid in propelling food.

Question 22

Carbohydrates

Answer 22

Simple sugar sources: breads, rice, passage, sweets, potatoes, and milk

Question 23

Proteins

Answer 23

Amino acids sources: animal products(meats, fish, dairy) and legumes.

Question 24

Lipids

Answer 24

Fatty acid sources: Saturated fats from animal products(meats), nuts, seeds, vegetable oils, and egg yolk

Question 25

Ingestion

Answer 25

getting food into the mouth

Question 26

Propulsion

Answer 26

moving foods from one region of the digestive system to another.

Question 27

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 27

Mixing of food in the mouth by the tongue.
Churning food in the stomach(peristalsis/segmental)

Question 28

Chemical Digestion

Answer 28

Enzymes break down food molecules into their building blocks.

Question 29

Absorption

Answer 29

Passage of nutrients into the blood.

Question 30

Defecation

Answer 30

Elimination of indigestible substances as feces.

Question 31

Microbiome

Answer 31

the combined genetic material of the microorganisms in a particular environment