Nervous System Part 2

Question 1

What is the structure of a brain synapse?

Answer 1

Mitochondria
Vesicles
Receptors
Synapse
Calcium channels
Neurotransmitters
Re-uptake

Question 2

Discuss the mechanism of
nerve impulse transmission at a synapse.

Answer 2

The impulse that reaches the end of the axon, stimulates the nerve cell into secreting neurotransmitters(acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, and endorphins), calcium channels open up and carry the chemicals into the synapse, where receptors from the adjoining neuron attached to the dendrite open up their own calcium channel and absorb the chemicals. The neurotransmitters is that released, and are reuptaken into the axon of the first neuron.

Question 3

Examples of neurotransmitters.

Answer 3

Acetylcholine- stimulates muscle contraction.
Dopamine-mood, happiness.
Serotonin- sleepiness and mood.
Endorphins= pain reduction, mood.

Question 4

Function of the Somatic nervous system

Answer 4

Consists of the skeletal system, under voluntary control, and activates the skeletal muscles.

Question 5

Function of the Autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

Consists of smooth muscles and glands.
Under involuntary control.
regulates smooth muscle, heart beats, the digestive system, and blood pressure.

Question 6

Function of the parasympathetic nervous division

Answer 6

“rest and digest”
Am involuntary impulse that occurs when we’re not in high stress situations. Everything slows down, while the bladder constricts and our stomach gets stimulated.

Question 7

Function of the sympathetic nervous division

Answer 7

“fight or flight”
A involuntary impulse that starts when we’re faced with a threat. Our body improves everything to energize ourselves. Everything accelerates, the bladder relaxes, and the stomach inhibits digestion.

Question 8

Cerebrum

Answer 8

Wrinkly large part of the brain (cerebral cortex).
Attributes to higher mental function, solving problems.
Involves special senses as well< taste, sight, hearing, and smelling. Divided into the Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal lobes.

Question 9

Somatic sensory area

Answer 9

An area in the cerebrum that receives impulses from the body’s sensory receptors.

Question 10

Primary motor area

Answer 10

An area of the cerebrum that sends impulses back to the muscles

Question 11

Broca’s area

Answer 11

An area of the cerebrum that involves the ability to speak.

Question 12

Diencephalon

Answer 12

Sits on top of the brain stem. Enclosed by cerebral hemispheres. Made up of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and the epithalamus.

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

Located under the thalamus and is important to the autonomic nervous system center.
Helps regulate body temperature, controls water balance, and regulates metabolism.
An important part of the limbic system(emotions). The pituitary gland is attacked to this part of the brain.

Question 14

Brainstem

Answer 14

Attaches to the spinal cord. Regulates visceral(involuntary) functions. Includes the midbrain, pons, and the medulla oblongata.

Question 15

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 15

The lowest part of the brain stem and merges into the spinal cord. Includes important fiber tracts and contains important control centers.
Helps with heart rate control, blood pressure regulation, breathing, swallowing, and vomiting.

Question 16

Gray matter

Answer 16

Outer layer of the brain, composed mostly of neuron cell bodies.

Question 17

White matter

Answer 17

Fiber tracts inside the gray matter.
Examples include corpus callosum connects hemispheres.

Question 18

Function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 18

Is a clear liquid that bathes the brain and spinal cord; cushions the brain and serves as a shock absorber.

Question 19

Excitatory Neurotransmitters

Answer 19

Increase membrane permeability, increase chance for threshold to be achieved

Question 20

Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

Answer 20

Decrease membrane permeability, decrease change for threshold to be achieved

Question 21

Cerebellum

Answer 21

Part of the brain that helps with balance and coordination, has a tree-like appearance called arbor vitae.

Question 22

Frontal Lobe

Answer 22

Part of the cerebrum that helps with planning, organization, problem solving, emotions, and personality.

Question 23

Parietal Lobe

Answer 23

Part of the cerebrum that helps sensation (touch, pressure), judgment of texture, size, and depth perception.

Question 24

Occipital Lobe

Answer 24

Part of the cerebrum that helps with vision and the recognition of shapes and colors.

Question 25

Temporal Lobe

Answer 25

Part of the cerebrum that helps with judging different smells, visual memory (memory for pictures and faces) and verbal memory (memory for words and names)