Skeletal System Test Flashcards
Primary function of skeletal system
-Supports the body
-Protects soft organs
-movement
-storage of minerals
-blood cell formation
Parts of the skeletal system
-bones
-joints
-cartilages
-ligaments
Long Bone
A classification of bone where it is typically longer than wide, has a shaft with heads at both ends, and contains mostly compact bone
(ex: Femur, Humerus)
Short Bones
A type of bone classification which are generally cube-shaped, and contains mostly spongy bone
(ex: Carpals, tarsals)
Sesamoid bones
Type of bone classification where it forms within tendons
(ex: Patella, or kneecap)
Flat bones
Type of bone classification that is thin and flattened, usually curved, and has thing layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone
(ex: skull, ribs, sternum)
Irregular bone
Type of bone classification where the bone is irregularly shaped and does not fit into another bone classification category
(ex: Vertebrae and hip)
Compact bones
A dense, solid, outer layer
Spongy bones
the soft, flat, inner layer of a bone
-a honeycomb of flat, needle-like projection called: trabeculae
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells
-osteoblasts that have become trapped by the secretion of matrix
-no longer secret matrix
-responsible for maintaining the bone tissue
Osteoblasts
bone-building cells
-synthesize and secrete collagen fibers and other organic components of bone matrix
-Initiate the process of calcification
-found in both the periosteum and the endosteum
Osteoclasts
huge cells derived from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes(a type of white blood cell)
-cells that digest bone matrix(bone resorption/ destory bone cells)
part of normal bone growth, development, maintenance, and repair.
Hormones involved in calcium homeostasis
-growth hormones
-sex hormones
-PTH
-Calcitonin
Steps to repair a fracture
1) Hematoma is formed due to broken blood cells
2)Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus
3)Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony callus made of spongy bone
4)Bony Callus is remolded to form a permanent patch
Components of the axial skeleton
Skull, vertebral column, bony thorax
(forms longitudinal/ vertical part of the body)
Components of Appendicular skeleton
126 bones
limbs
pectoral girdle
pelvic girdle
Diaphysis
Shaft-length
Composed of compact bones
Epiphysis
Ends of the bone
composed of mostly spongy bones
Periosteum
Outside covering of the diaphysis
fibrous connective tissue membrane
Arteries
Supply bone cells with nutrients
Sharpey’s Fiber
Secure bone cell with nutrient
Articular Cartilage
Covers the external surface of the epiphysis
made of hyaline cartilage
Decrease friction at joint surfaces
Medullary Cavity
Cavity of the shaft(long bone)
Contains yellow marrow(in adults)
Contains red marrow(In infants)
Osteon
A unit of bone that consists of a single central canal
Central(Haversian Canal
Opening in the center of an osteon that allows passage of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerve fibers
Lamella
The concentric matrix “tube” that surrounds a haversian canal
Perforating (Volkmann’s canal)
Canal that is perpendicular to the central canal
Carries blood vessels and nerves
Difference between ligaments and tendos
Ligaments are fibrous connective tissue that connect bones to bones and serve to hold structures together, while tendons are fibrous connective tissue that attach muscles to bone or other body structures.
