Anatomy test #1 Flashcards
What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy clarifies the structure of the human body while physiology examines the functions of the body.
What is the Integumentary System
Structure: Skin, forms the external covering of the body
Protects deeper tissue from injury
Helps regulate body temperature
Temperature, pressure, and pain receptors alert us to what is happening on the body’s surface.
What is the skeletal system?
Structures: Bones, cartiliage, ligaments, and joints.
Protects and supports body organs
Provides muscle attachment for movement
Site of blood cell formation
Stores minerals
What is the Muscular system?
Structures: Skeletal Muscles
Produces movement
Maintains posture
Produces heat
What is the nervous system?
Structures- Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.
Fast-acting control system
Responds to internal and external change
Sensory receptors detect changes and send signals called nerve impulses.
Activates muscles and glands after assessing the information.
What is the endocrine system?
Structures – Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, thymus, pancreas, pineal, ovaries, and testes.
Secretes regulatory hormones
Growth
Reproduction
Metabolism
What is the cardiovascular system?
Structures – Heart and blood vessels.
Transports materials in the body via blood pumped by the heart
carries Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Nutrients, and Wastes
What is the lymphatic system?
Structures – lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphoid organs (spleen and tonsils).
Complements Cardiovascular system.
Returns fluids to blood vessels
Cleanses the blood
Involved in immunity
What is the Respiratory System?
Structures – nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, and lungs.
Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
Removes carbon dioxide
What is the digestive system?
Structures – oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, rectum, anus, liver, pancreas.
Breaks down food
Allows for nutrient absorption into the blood
Eliminates indigestible material such as feces
What is the Urinary System?
Structures – kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra.
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
Maintains acid-base balance
Regulates water and electrolytes
What is the Reproductive System?
Male structures – scrotum, penis, accessory glands, duct system.
Female structures – ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, mammary glands, vagina.
Produces offspring
Testes produce sperm and male hormone
Ovaries produce eggs and female hormones
What is Homeostasis?
The state of balance within all physical systems needed for a body to function properly and survive
What is the stimulus?
The internal or external change in the environment.
What are the receptors?
they detect the stimulus and send information to the control center.
What is the control center?
Most commonly the brain compares information from receptors to the conditions that are best suited for the body
What are the effectors?
Initiates response in target cells.
What is negative feedback?
Most homeostatic control mechanisms
It shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity. Counteracts the change.
Works like a household thermostat
Examples:
High blood pressure decreasing.
Secreting insulin when blood sugar is too high
Exhaling carbon dioxide when it builds up in blood.
Sweating when body temperature increases.
What is positive feedback?
When, for a short time, the brain brings the body away from ideal conditions
Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther
Examples:
Vomiting when ill
Getting a fever when sick
Giving birth to a child
Creating extra platelets when getting a cut
What is the Canial Cavity?
the space of the skull that protects and accommodates the brain.
What is the abdominopelvic cavity?
a body cavity that consists of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity
What is the Thoracic Cavity?
a space in your chest that contains organs, blood vessels, nerves, and other important body structures.
What is the Spinal Cavity?
is an anatomical space formed by the vertebral column that stores an integral portion of the central nervous system:
What is the Pelvic Cavity?
a bowl-like structure that sits below the abdominal cavity
What is the Dorsal Cavity?
is a fluid-filled space that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of vertebrates. (The back of the body)
What is the Abdominal Cavity?
cavity within the abdomen, the space between the abdominal wall and the spine
What is the Ventral Cavity?
a fluid-filled space surrounding the organs on the front side of the body.
What is the Cephalic?
of, in, or relating to the head
What is the abdominal region?
the area between the thoracic cavity and the pelvic cavity.
What is the Cervical Region?
The neck region
What is the Orbital Region?
The eyes
What is the Umbilical Region?
the centermost region deep to and surrounding the umbilicus (navel). Center of the stomach
What is the Frontal Region?
Behind the forehead
What is the Axillary Region?
region under the shoulder joint where the arm connects to the shoulder; armpit.
What is the digital region?
fingers and toes
What is the patellar region?
The knee cap
What is the Pelvic Region?
The region between the abdomen and thighs.
What is the Brachial Region?
The upper arm
What is the Femoral Region?
The thigh
What is the Pubic Region?
the lower part of the abdomen just above the external genital organs
What is the Deltoid Region?
The shoulder
What is the Antecubital Region?
Region located between the arm and forearm(Inside of elbow)
What is the Buccal Region?
The cheeks
What is the Nasal Region?
The nose
What is the Sternal Region?
Region inbetween the ribcage
What is the Gluteal Region?
the buttocks
What is the Antebrachial Region?
the forearm
What is the Carpal Region?
the wrist
What is the Oral Region?
the mouth
What is the Thoracic Region?
The chest
What is the Lumbar Region?
The lower back
What is the Occipital Region?
Back of the brain.
What is the Fibular Region?
The calf bone
What is the Calcaneal Region?
The heel
What is the Vertebral Region?
The spinal cord
What is the Pedal Region?
the foot
What is the Sural Region?
Muscle of the Calf
What is the Inguinal Region?
The groin
What is the Tarsal Region?
The ankle
What is the Sternal Region?
In between the lungs
What is the Acromial Region
The shoulders
What is the Coxal Region?
the hip
What is the Manus Region?
Back of the forearm
What is the Sacral Region?
small of the back, above the tailbone
Superior/Cranial
toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
Inferior/Caudal
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below
Anterior/ Ventral
toward or at the front of the body; in front of
Posterior/Dorsal
toward or at the backside of the body; behind
Lateral
away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
Medial
toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
Proximal
close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk
Distal
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Intermediate
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
Superficial
toward or at the body surface
Deep
away from the body surface; more internal
Nine Region of stomach
Right Hypochondriac
Epigastric Region
Left hypochondriac Region
Right Lumbar Region
Umbilical Region
Left Iliac Region
Right Iliac Region
Hypogastric Region
Left Lumbar Region
Sagittal plane
section divides the body (or organ) into left and right parts. (Vertical)
Mid-Sagittal/Median
section divides the body (or organ) into equal left and right parts.
Frontal/Coronal
section divides the body (or organ) into anterior and posterior parts.
Transverse/Cross-section
divides the body (or organ) into superior and inferior parts.
