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Anatomy > Anatomy test #1 > Flashcards

Anatomy test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

A

Anatomy clarifies the structure of the human body while physiology examines the functions of the body.

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2
Q

What is the Integumentary System

A

Structure: Skin, forms the external covering of the body
Protects deeper tissue from injury
Helps regulate body temperature
Temperature, pressure, and pain receptors alert us to what is happening on the body’s surface.

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3
Q

What is the skeletal system?

A

Structures: Bones, cartiliage, ligaments, and joints.
Protects and supports body organs
Provides muscle attachment for movement
Site of blood cell formation
Stores minerals

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4
Q

What is the Muscular system?

A

Structures: Skeletal Muscles
Produces movement
Maintains posture
Produces heat

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5
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

Structures- Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.
Fast-acting control system
Responds to internal and external change
Sensory receptors detect changes and send signals called nerve impulses.
Activates muscles and glands after assessing the information.

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6
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Structures – Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, thymus, pancreas, pineal, ovaries, and testes.
Secretes regulatory hormones
Growth
Reproduction
Metabolism

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7
Q

What is the cardiovascular system?

A

Structures – Heart and blood vessels.
Transports materials in the body via blood pumped by the heart
carries Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Nutrients, and Wastes

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8
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

Structures – lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphoid organs (spleen and tonsils).
Complements Cardiovascular system.
Returns fluids to blood vessels
Cleanses the blood
Involved in immunity

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9
Q

What is the Respiratory System?

A

Structures – nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, and lungs.
Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
Removes carbon dioxide

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10
Q

What is the digestive system?

A

Structures – oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, rectum, anus, liver, pancreas.
Breaks down food
Allows for nutrient absorption into the blood
Eliminates indigestible material such as feces

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11
Q

What is the Urinary System?

A

Structures – kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra.
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
Maintains acid-base balance
Regulates water and electrolytes

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12
Q

What is the Reproductive System?

A

Male structures – scrotum, penis, accessory glands, duct system.
Female structures – ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, mammary glands, vagina.
Produces offspring
Testes produce sperm and male hormone
Ovaries produce eggs and female hormones

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13
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

The state of balance within all physical systems needed for a body to function properly and survive

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14
Q

What is the stimulus?

A

The internal or external change in the environment.

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15
Q

What are the receptors?

A

they detect the stimulus and send information to the control center.

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16
Q

What is the control center?

A

Most commonly the brain compares information from receptors to the conditions that are best suited for the body

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17
Q

What are the effectors?

A

Initiates response in target cells.

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18
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

Most homeostatic control mechanisms
It shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity. Counteracts the change.
Works like a household thermostat
Examples:
High blood pressure decreasing.
Secreting insulin when blood sugar is too high
Exhaling carbon dioxide when it builds up in blood.
Sweating when body temperature increases.

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19
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

When, for a short time, the brain brings the body away from ideal conditions
Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther
Examples:
Vomiting when ill
Getting a fever when sick
Giving birth to a child
Creating extra platelets when getting a cut

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20
Q

What is the Canial Cavity?

A

the space of the skull that protects and accommodates the brain.

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21
Q

What is the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

a body cavity that consists of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

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22
Q

What is the Thoracic Cavity?

A

a space in your chest that contains organs, blood vessels, nerves, and other important body structures.

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23
Q

What is the Spinal Cavity?

A

is an anatomical space formed by the vertebral column that stores an integral portion of the central nervous system:

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24
Q

What is the Pelvic Cavity?

A

a bowl-like structure that sits below the abdominal cavity

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25
Q

What is the Dorsal Cavity?

A

is a fluid-filled space that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of vertebrates. (The back of the body)

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26
Q

What is the Abdominal Cavity?

A

cavity within the abdomen, the space between the abdominal wall and the spine

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27
Q

What is the Ventral Cavity?

A

a fluid-filled space surrounding the organs on the front side of the body.

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28
Q

What is the Cephalic?

A

of, in, or relating to the head

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29
Q

What is the abdominal region?

A

the area between the thoracic cavity and the pelvic cavity.

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30
Q

What is the Cervical Region?

A

The neck region

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31
Q

What is the Orbital Region?

A

The eyes

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32
Q

What is the Umbilical Region?

A

the centermost region deep to and surrounding the umbilicus (navel). Center of the stomach

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33
Q

What is the Frontal Region?

A

Behind the forehead

34
Q

What is the Axillary Region?

A

region under the shoulder joint where the arm connects to the shoulder; armpit.

35
Q

What is the digital region?

A

fingers and toes

36
Q

What is the patellar region?

A

The knee cap

37
Q

What is the Pelvic Region?

A

The region between the abdomen and thighs.

38
Q

What is the Brachial Region?

A

The upper arm

39
Q

What is the Femoral Region?

A

The thigh

40
Q

What is the Pubic Region?

A

the lower part of the abdomen just above the external genital organs

41
Q

What is the Deltoid Region?

A

The shoulder

42
Q

What is the Antecubital Region?

A

Region located between the arm and forearm(Inside of elbow)

43
Q

What is the Buccal Region?

A

The cheeks

44
Q

What is the Nasal Region?

A

The nose

45
Q

What is the Sternal Region?

A

Region inbetween the ribcage

46
Q

What is the Gluteal Region?

A

the buttocks

47
Q

What is the Antebrachial Region?

A

the forearm

48
Q

What is the Carpal Region?

A

the wrist

49
Q

What is the Oral Region?

A

the mouth

50
Q

What is the Thoracic Region?

A

The chest

51
Q

What is the Lumbar Region?

A

The lower back

52
Q

What is the Occipital Region?

A

Back of the brain.

53
Q

What is the Fibular Region?

A

The calf bone

54
Q

What is the Calcaneal Region?

A

The heel

55
Q

What is the Vertebral Region?

A

The spinal cord

56
Q

What is the Pedal Region?

A

the foot

57
Q

What is the Sural Region?

A

Muscle of the Calf

58
Q

What is the Inguinal Region?

A

The groin

59
Q

What is the Tarsal Region?

A

The ankle

60
Q

What is the Sternal Region?

A

In between the lungs

61
Q

What is the Acromial Region

A

The shoulders

62
Q

What is the Coxal Region?

A

the hip

63
Q

What is the Manus Region?

A

Back of the forearm

64
Q

What is the Sacral Region?

A

small of the back, above the tailbone

65
Q

Superior/Cranial

A

toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

66
Q

Inferior/Caudal

A

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

67
Q

Anterior/ Ventral

A

toward or at the front of the body; in front of

68
Q

Posterior/Dorsal

A

toward or at the backside of the body; behind

69
Q

Lateral

A

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

70
Q

Medial

A

toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

71
Q

Proximal

A

close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk

72
Q

Distal

A

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

73
Q

Intermediate

A

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

74
Q

Superficial

A

toward or at the body surface

75
Q

Deep

A

away from the body surface; more internal

76
Q

Nine Region of stomach

A

Right Hypochondriac
Epigastric Region
Left hypochondriac Region
Right Lumbar Region
Umbilical Region
Left Iliac Region
Right Iliac Region
Hypogastric Region
Left Lumbar Region

77
Q

Sagittal plane

A

section divides the body (or organ) into left and right parts. (Vertical)

78
Q

Mid-Sagittal/Median

A

section divides the body (or organ) into equal left and right parts.

79
Q

Frontal/Coronal

A

section divides the body (or organ) into anterior and posterior parts.

80
Q

Transverse/Cross-section

A

divides the body (or organ) into superior and inferior parts.

Anatomy (10 decks)

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