Anatomy test #1 Flashcards
What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy clarifies the structure of the human body while physiology examines the functions of the body.
What is the Integumentary System
Structure: Skin, forms the external covering of the body
Protects deeper tissue from injury
Helps regulate body temperature
Temperature, pressure, and pain receptors alert us to what is happening on the body’s surface.
What is the skeletal system?
Structures: Bones, cartiliage, ligaments, and joints.
Protects and supports body organs
Provides muscle attachment for movement
Site of blood cell formation
Stores minerals
What is the Muscular system?
Structures: Skeletal Muscles
Produces movement
Maintains posture
Produces heat
What is the nervous system?
Structures- Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.
Fast-acting control system
Responds to internal and external change
Sensory receptors detect changes and send signals called nerve impulses.
Activates muscles and glands after assessing the information.
What is the endocrine system?
Structures – Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, thymus, pancreas, pineal, ovaries, and testes.
Secretes regulatory hormones
Growth
Reproduction
Metabolism
What is the cardiovascular system?
Structures – Heart and blood vessels.
Transports materials in the body via blood pumped by the heart
carries Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Nutrients, and Wastes
What is the lymphatic system?
Structures – lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphoid organs (spleen and tonsils).
Complements Cardiovascular system.
Returns fluids to blood vessels
Cleanses the blood
Involved in immunity
What is the Respiratory System?
Structures – nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, and lungs.
Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
Removes carbon dioxide
What is the digestive system?
Structures – oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, rectum, anus, liver, pancreas.
Breaks down food
Allows for nutrient absorption into the blood
Eliminates indigestible material such as feces
What is the Urinary System?
Structures – kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra.
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
Maintains acid-base balance
Regulates water and electrolytes
What is the Reproductive System?
Male structures – scrotum, penis, accessory glands, duct system.
Female structures – ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, mammary glands, vagina.
Produces offspring
Testes produce sperm and male hormone
Ovaries produce eggs and female hormones
What is Homeostasis?
The state of balance within all physical systems needed for a body to function properly and survive
What is the stimulus?
The internal or external change in the environment.
What are the receptors?
they detect the stimulus and send information to the control center.
What is the control center?
Most commonly the brain compares information from receptors to the conditions that are best suited for the body
What are the effectors?
Initiates response in target cells.
What is negative feedback?
Most homeostatic control mechanisms
It shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity. Counteracts the change.
Works like a household thermostat
Examples:
High blood pressure decreasing.
Secreting insulin when blood sugar is too high
Exhaling carbon dioxide when it builds up in blood.
Sweating when body temperature increases.
What is positive feedback?
When, for a short time, the brain brings the body away from ideal conditions
Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther
Examples:
Vomiting when ill
Getting a fever when sick
Giving birth to a child
Creating extra platelets when getting a cut
What is the Canial Cavity?
the space of the skull that protects and accommodates the brain.
What is the abdominopelvic cavity?
a body cavity that consists of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity
What is the Thoracic Cavity?
a space in your chest that contains organs, blood vessels, nerves, and other important body structures.
What is the Spinal Cavity?
is an anatomical space formed by the vertebral column that stores an integral portion of the central nervous system:
What is the Pelvic Cavity?
a bowl-like structure that sits below the abdominal cavity
