Tissues

Question 1

epithelial tissue

Answer 1

covers surfaces, cells strongly connected to each other and these define the function of the tissue, it separates tissue also and has some secondary functions eg forms glands

Question 2

connective tissue

Answer 2

connects and supports one part of the body to another, extracellular matrix and fluid that defines function not cells, eg blood, bone, adipose

Question 3

muscle tissue

Answer 3

contracts and shortens, long thin cells, packed with contractile apparatus, 3 types- smooth, skeletal, cardiac

Question 4

nervous tissue

Answer 4

communication from one part of body to another, neutrons are the cells, they receive impulses and transmit to others, integrate information,

Question 5

endothelium

Answer 5

thin membrane that lines the inside of the heart and blood vessels made of epithelial cells

Question 6

how do epithelial cells maintain surface coverage

Answer 6

tight junctions (occluding), gap junctions, desmosomes and cell to extracellular matrix junctions, no contact inhibitions

Question 7

epithelia lie on a

Answer 7

basement membrane made of basal lamina and reticular lamina. held on by hemidesmosomes

Question 8

secondary roles of epithelia

Answer 8

movement- cilia, absorption- microvilli

Question 9

types of epithelia

Answer 9

squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional (only in urinary bladder), pseudostratified columnar (trachea)

Question 10

Exocrine glands

Answer 10

secrete into tubes circles down then up still connected to surface. can be tubular or acinar OR tubuloacinar (compound). mucus glands or serous glands

Question 11

Endocrine glands

Answer 11

secrete into blood, cuts off from surface

Question 12

methods of exocrine secretion

Answer 12

merocrine gland (vesicles get secreted out by exocytosis through lumen) , apocrine gland (pinched off) , holocrine gland (whole gland disintegrates and gets secreted eg hair follicle)

Question 13

myoepithelial cells

Answer 13

squeeze the acini

Question 14

abnormal functions of epithelial cells

Answer 14

over or under proliferation, over or under secretion, loss of cilia
eg pituitary gland secreting growth hormone - gigantism or dwarfism if over or under proliferated
mucus glands in uterine tube- thick mucus, chlamydia

Question 15

what makes up the extracellular matrix that is needed for connective tissue

Answer 15

fibres-collagen and elastin (rope like), ground substance (jelly like), tissue fluid

Question 16

collagen

Answer 16

formed by fibroblasts, inelastic but flexible, reticulin (type III)

Question 17

elastic fibres

Answer 17

consists of elastin, yellow, can stretch, found in sheets

Question 18

types of connective tissue

Answer 18

loose, dense regular, dense irregular

Question 19

loose connective tissue cells

Answer 19

permanent cells- fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells, undifferentiated mesenchyme cells. transient cells- white blood cells

Question 20

dense regular

Answer 20

strong, straight eg tendon

Question 21

dense irregular

Answer 21

elastic, move in more than one directions eg dermis of skin

Question 22

abnormal functions of connective tissue

Answer 22

blood too many white blood cells- leukaemia bone- osteoporosis

Question 23

what is cancer in connective tissue called

Answer 23

sarcoma

Question 24

what is cancer in epithelial tissue called

Answer 24

carcinoma