The thorax

Question 1

main external anatomical features of the thorax

Answer 1

sternum, ribs, inlet, outlet

Question 2

thoracic inlet is bounded by

Answer 2

first thoracic vertebrae, first pair of ribs, costal cartilage of front rib and superior border of manbrium

Question 3

thoracic outlet is bounded by

Answer 3

12th thoracic vertebra, 11th and 12th pairs of ribs, costal cartilage of ribs 7-10 and the xiphisternal joint

Question 4

Which bones articulate with the manubrium at its superolateral angles?

Answer 4

collar bones, first set of ribs

Question 5

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joints

Answer 5

synovial saddle

Question 6

What is the name given to the median notch formed by the superior border of the manubrium?

Answer 6

jugular notch

Question 7

At what vertebral level is the xiphoid process usually located?

Answer 7

t10

Question 8

Facets for 2nd costal cartilage. With which parts of the sternum do these articulate?

Answer 8

manubrium

Question 9

The head of rib 5 articulates with the bodies of which vertebrae?

Answer 9

t4 and t5

Question 10

What part of a vertebra articulates with the rib tubercle?

Answer 10

costal facet on transverse process of posterior vertebrae

Question 11

Which ribs are true ribs (vertebrosternal)

Answer 11

1-7

Question 12

Which ribs are floating ribs (vertebral)?

Answer 12

11-12

Question 13

Which ribs are false ribs (vertebrochondral)?

Answer 13

8-12

Question 14

on first rib where is the groove for subclavian vein

Answer 14

closer to neck than groove for subclavian artery

Question 15

Which part of a rib articulates with these demi-facets?

Answer 15

head

Question 16

A single typical rib articulates with two vertebral bodies and one vertebral transverse process. These are:

Answer 16

1. the vertebral body of the same number as the rib
2. the vertebral body immediately above
3. the vertebral transverse process of the same number as the rib

Question 17

Which ribs/costal cartilages form the costal margin and the subcostal angle?

Answer 17

7th-10th ribs

Question 18

where does sternal angle lie

Answer 18

at manubriosternal joint

Question 19

what makes 1st rib different

Answer 19

broad and flat, one single articular facet, upper surface of body is marked by two shallow grooves separated by scalene tubercle

Question 20

typical rib features

Answer 20

two articular facets, head, neck, costal groove, tubercle

Question 21

where does head of rib articulate with body of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 21

costovertebral joints (at side of body between two vertebrae)

Question 22

three layers of intercostal muscles

Answer 22

external, internal, innermost

Question 23

order of neuromuscular bundle

Answer 23

VAN - vein artery then nerve top to bottom

Question 24

In which part of a rib is the neurovascular bundle lodged

Answer 24

costal groove

Question 25

Between which two intercostal muscles is the neurovascular bundle located?

Answer 25

innermost and internal

Question 26

arterial supply to the thoracic cage is from

Answer 26

posterior intercostal arteries (from thoracic aorta), anterior intercostal arteries (from thoracic artery), branch of axillary arteries

Question 27

venous drainage from thoracic cage

Answer 27

azygos, hemiazygos accessory hemiazygous venous system and internal thoracic veins

Question 28

the breast lymphatic drainage

Answer 28

axillary lymph node, parasternal lymph node, abdominal lymph node

Question 29

what dermatomes work on thorax

Answer 29

T3-T12

Question 30

what is area in thoracic cage called

Answer 30

mediastinum

Question 31

where does transverse thoracic plane lie

Answer 31

between T4 and T5 and the manubriosternal joint

Question 32

attachments of the diaphragm

Answer 32

lumbar vertebrae, costal cartilages of ribs 7-12, xiphoid process of the sternum, central tendon

Question 33

what are the right and left crura

Answer 33

the parts of the diaphragm that arise from the vertebrae and are tendinous in structure

Question 34

where does right crus come from

Answer 34

arise from L1-L3 (some surround oesophageal opening and help prevent reflux)

Question 35

where does left crus come from

Answer 35

arises from L1-L2 and their intervertebral discs

Question 36

action of diaphragm

Answer 36

contracts during inspiration (flattens), relaxes during expiration

Question 37

hiatuses (openings) of diaphragm

Answer 37

T8- canal opening for inferior vena cava and right phrenic nerve, T10- oesophageal hiatus for oesophagus and vagus nerves, T12- aortic hiatus for aorta, azygos vein, hemiazygous vein, thoracic duct

Question 38

phrenic nerves are sensory/motor/mixed

Answer 38

mixed

Question 39

nerve roots of phrenic nerves

Answer 39

anterior rami of C3, C4 and C5

Question 40

motor functions of phrenic nerves

Answer 40

pierces and innervates the diaphragm from its inferior surface

Question 41

sensory functions of phrenic nerves

Answer 41

supplies the central part of the diaphragm