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Anatomy > The thorax > Flashcards

The thorax Flashcards

1
Q

main external anatomical features of the thorax

A

sternum, ribs, inlet, outlet

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2
Q

thoracic inlet is bounded by

A

first thoracic vertebrae, first pair of ribs, costal cartilage of front rib and superior border of manbrium

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3
Q

thoracic outlet is bounded by

A

12th thoracic vertebra, 11th and 12th pairs of ribs, costal cartilage of ribs 7-10 and the xiphisternal joint

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4
Q

Which bones articulate with the manubrium at its superolateral angles?

A

collar bones, first set of ribs

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5
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joints

A

synovial saddle

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6
Q

What is the name given to the median notch formed by the superior border of the manubrium?

A

jugular notch

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7
Q

At what vertebral level is the xiphoid process usually located?

A

t10

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8
Q

Facets for 2nd costal cartilage. With which parts of the sternum do these articulate?

A

manubrium

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9
Q

The head of rib 5 articulates with the bodies of which vertebrae?

A

t4 and t5

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10
Q

What part of a vertebra articulates with the rib tubercle?

A

costal facet on transverse process of posterior vertebrae

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11
Q

Which ribs are true ribs (vertebrosternal)

A

1-7

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12
Q

Which ribs are floating ribs (vertebral)?

A

11-12

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13
Q

Which ribs are false ribs (vertebrochondral)?

A

8-12

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14
Q

on first rib where is the groove for subclavian vein

A

closer to neck than groove for subclavian artery

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15
Q

Which part of a rib articulates with these demi-facets?

A

head

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16
Q

A single typical rib articulates with two vertebral bodies and one vertebral transverse process. These are:

A
  1. the vertebral body of the same number as the rib
  2. the vertebral body immediately above
  3. the vertebral transverse process of the same number as the rib
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17
Q

Which ribs/costal cartilages form the costal margin and the subcostal angle?

A

7th-10th ribs

18
Q

where does sternal angle lie

A

at manubriosternal joint

19
Q

what makes 1st rib different

A

broad and flat, one single articular facet, upper surface of body is marked by two shallow grooves separated by scalene tubercle

20
Q

typical rib features

A

two articular facets, head, neck, costal groove, tubercle

21
Q

where does head of rib articulate with body of thoracic vertebrae

A

costovertebral joints (at side of body between two vertebrae)

22
Q

three layers of intercostal muscles

A

external, internal, innermost

23
Q

order of neuromuscular bundle

A

VAN - vein artery then nerve top to bottom

24
Q

In which part of a rib is the neurovascular bundle lodged

A

costal groove

25
Q

Between which two intercostal muscles is the neurovascular bundle located?

A

innermost and internal

26
Q

arterial supply to the thoracic cage is from

A

posterior intercostal arteries (from thoracic aorta), anterior intercostal arteries (from thoracic artery), branch of axillary arteries

27
Q

venous drainage from thoracic cage

A

azygos, hemiazygos accessory hemiazygous venous system and internal thoracic veins

28
Q

the breast lymphatic drainage

A

axillary lymph node, parasternal lymph node, abdominal lymph node

29
Q

what dermatomes work on thorax

A

T3-T12

30
Q

what is area in thoracic cage called

A

mediastinum

31
Q

where does transverse thoracic plane lie

A

between T4 and T5 and the manubriosternal joint

32
Q

attachments of the diaphragm

A

lumbar vertebrae, costal cartilages of ribs 7-12, xiphoid process of the sternum, central tendon

33
Q

what are the right and left crura

A

the parts of the diaphragm that arise from the vertebrae and are tendinous in structure

34
Q

where does right crus come from

A

arise from L1-L3 (some surround oesophageal opening and help prevent reflux)

35
Q

where does left crus come from

A

arises from L1-L2 and their intervertebral discs

36
Q

action of diaphragm

A

contracts during inspiration (flattens), relaxes during expiration

37
Q

hiatuses (openings) of diaphragm

A

T8- canal opening for inferior vena cava and right phrenic nerve, T10- oesophageal hiatus for oesophagus and vagus nerves, T12- aortic hiatus for aorta, azygos vein, hemiazygous vein, thoracic duct

38
Q

phrenic nerves are sensory/motor/mixed

A

mixed

39
Q

nerve roots of phrenic nerves

A

anterior rami of C3, C4 and C5

40
Q

motor functions of phrenic nerves

A

pierces and innervates the diaphragm from its inferior surface

41
Q

sensory functions of phrenic nerves

A

supplies the central part of the diaphragm

Anatomy (25 decks)

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