Intro to Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

preembryonic phase weeks

A

0-3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

embryonic phase weeks

A

4-8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

foetal phase weeks

A

9-40 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what occurs in week 1 of preembryonic phase

A

zygote is formed, divides to form blastocyst, moves through uterine tube to reach uterine cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mitchondrial diseases are inherited from

A

mother because only eggs contribute mitochondria to the next generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

solid ball of cells following mitosis is called

A

morula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why does morula turn into blastocyst

A

the inner cells of a morula cannot get nutrition so the blastocyst is formed in order to get them the nutrition they need using the trophoblast, inner cell mass and blastocyst cavity structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where does blastocyst formation occur

A

uterine cavity where it implants into endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how does ovum or fertilised ovum move through Fallopian tube

A

ciliated epithelium beat the ovum to move it to uterine vanity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

ovum implants somewhere outside of the uterine cavity due to inflammation in the uterine tube which prevents the function of the ciliated epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what occurs in week 2 of preembryonic phase

A

implantation occurs in uterine endometrial layer and placenta begins to develop, cells that later form the embryo form a bilaminar disc, sacs, membranes and cord to nourish the baby start to form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

trophoblast divides to form two layers which ultimately forms a

A

chorion which has finger like projections called chorionic villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

functions of chorion

A

implantation process, forms part of placenta in due course and secretes human chorionic gonadotropin HCG which is used to detect pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

endometrium with implanted conceptus

A

decidua

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens to inner cell mass in week 2

A

form a 2 layered flat disc called the bilaminar disc so that 2 cavities now begin to form -amniotic cavity and yolk sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

functions of placenta

A

foetal nutrition, transport of waste and gases, immune system

17
Q

what type of twins share placenta

A

monozygotic, identical. same genetic makeup and one placenta

18
Q

primitive streak

A

formed in the midline of the epiblast in week 3 by the dipping in of cells and once the primitive streak is formed, the axis of the embryo is formed

19
Q

3 germ layers

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

20
Q

how is trilaminar disc formed and name of the process

A

epiblast cells migrate to inbetween the epiblast and hypoblast and then displace the hypoblast to form three germ layers and cells are now specialised.

21
Q

name of the process of how trilaminar disc formed

A

gastrulation

22
Q

what is neural tube formation called

A

neurulation

23
Q

how is neural tube formed

A

cells from ectoderm sink down to form a solid tube, release notochord then neural plate is formed in the ectoderm, those neural plates sink down to form neural tube which causes crests to form on surface which eventually join which is induced by the notochord

24
Q

what happens to mesoderm after neurulation

A

thickens and then separates into three parts

25
three parts of mesoderm
paraxial mesoderm, intermediate plate mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm (which splits)
26
where are somites formed
paraxial mesoderm
27
somites are split into 3 which are
dermatome, myotome, sclerotome
28
what happens after somites formed and split
lateral folding and the lateral plate mesoderm that split joins with other split at end in C shape
29
endoderm forms what
gut and respiratory system
30
lateral plate mesoderm forms what
peritoneum, pleura, body cavities
31
intermediate plate mesoderm forms what
urogenital system eg kidneys and reproductive
32
ectoderm forms what
epidermis of skin and neural tube
33
paraxial mesoderm forms
dermatome (dermis), myotome (muscles), sclerotome (bones)
34
teratology
study of when things go wrong during development
35
teratogens
environmental factors that cause abnormal development
36
period of greatest sensitivity to teratogens
weeks 3-8
37
period of greatest sensitivity to teratogens
weeks 3-8