Internal heart anatomy

Question 1

right ventricle leads to

Answer 1

pulmonary trunk

Question 2

left ventricle leads to

Answer 2

aorta

Question 3

what leads into right atrium

Answer 3

superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

Question 4

what leads into left atrium

Answer 4

left pulmonary veins

Question 5

fossa ovalis is in

Answer 5

interatrial septum

Question 6

muscles that look like comb and where they start from

Answer 6

pectinate muscles, crista terminales

Question 7

pectinate muscles hide what valve

Answer 7

tricuspid valve

Question 8

main features of right atrium

Answer 8

openings for IVC and SVC, coronary sinus, interatrial septum, fossa ovalis, pectinate muscles, crista terminales, tricuspid valve

Question 9

main features of right ventricle

Answer 9

tricuspid valve, trabecular carnae, moderator band, opening for pulmonary trunk, interventricular septum

Question 10

purpose of trabecular carnae

Answer 10

prevent suction that would occur with a flat surface and thus impair the hearts ability to pump efficiently

Question 11

parts of valve

Answer 11

valve cusps (3 in right, 2 in left), chordae tendinae, papillary muscles (3 in right, 2 in left)

Question 12

main features of left atrium

Answer 12

opening for pulmonary veins (l,r,inferior,superior), bicuspid valve (mitral), smooth walled small chamber lying wholly posterosuperiorly against oesophagus, forms base of heart

Question 13

main features of left ventricle

Answer 13

bicuspid valve, trabecular carneae, opening for aorta, inter ventricular septum, wall 3x thick as right ventricular wall, forms apex of heart

Question 14

intrinsic innervation of heart

Answer 14

signals arise in SA node then travel to AV node, after delay the stimulus is conducted through the bundle of His to l&r bundle branches and Purkinje fibres to the endocardium at the apex of heart then to the ventricles and finally the ventricular epicardium

Question 15

right valve is located at

Answer 15

right 2nd intercostal space next to sternum

Question 16

tricuspid valve is located at

Answer 16

left 5th intercostal space next to sternum

Question 17

pulmonary valve is located at

Answer 17

left 2nd intercostal space next to sternum

Question 18

mitral valve is located at

Answer 18

left 5th intercostal space and midclavicular line

Question 19

order of valves retrosternally

Answer 19

PAMT

Question 20

main vessels of posterior chest wall and trunk

Answer 20

IVC, SVC which lie to right of aorta. azygous vein which drains into superior vena cava. thoracic duct to left of this and to left of this is hemiazygous vein

Question 21

main arteries of upper limb

Answer 21

subclavian arises from aortic arch, becomes axillary, becomes brachial, becomes radial and ulnar, becomes digital branches

Question 22

superficial veins of upper limb

Answer 22

superficial veins arise from dorsal venous arch on back of the hand. cephalic vein travels up the limb on lateral side, basilica travels up limb on medial side, median cubital connects cephalic and basilica across cubital fossa

Question 23

Main arteries of lower limb

Answer 23

external iliac becomes common femoral In anterior thigh then gives off superficial and deep femoral. superficial becomes popliteal in political fossa which goes to anterior and posterior tibial. posterior tibial gives off fibular and continues medially down to plantar surface of foot. anterior tibial continues down anteriorly to dorsal of foot where it becomes dorsals pedis between 1st and 2nd toes

Question 24

superficial veins of lower limb

Answer 24

superficial veins arise from dorsal arch of foot and long saphenous vein travels up limb medially to drain into femoral vein. short saphenous travels up to drain into popliteal