Internal heart anatomy Flashcards
right ventricle leads to
pulmonary trunk
left ventricle leads to
aorta
what leads into right atrium
superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus
what leads into left atrium
left pulmonary veins
fossa ovalis is in
interatrial septum
muscles that look like comb and where they start from
pectinate muscles, crista terminales
pectinate muscles hide what valve
tricuspid valve
main features of right atrium
openings for IVC and SVC, coronary sinus, interatrial septum, fossa ovalis, pectinate muscles, crista terminales, tricuspid valve
main features of right ventricle
tricuspid valve, trabecular carnae, moderator band, opening for pulmonary trunk, interventricular septum
purpose of trabecular carnae
prevent suction that would occur with a flat surface and thus impair the hearts ability to pump efficiently
parts of valve
valve cusps (3 in right, 2 in left), chordae tendinae, papillary muscles (3 in right, 2 in left)
main features of left atrium
opening for pulmonary veins (l,r,inferior,superior), bicuspid valve (mitral), smooth walled small chamber lying wholly posterosuperiorly against oesophagus, forms base of heart
main features of left ventricle
bicuspid valve, trabecular carneae, opening for aorta, inter ventricular septum, wall 3x thick as right ventricular wall, forms apex of heart
intrinsic innervation of heart
signals arise in SA node then travel to AV node, after delay the stimulus is conducted through the bundle of His to l&r bundle branches and Purkinje fibres to the endocardium at the apex of heart then to the ventricles and finally the ventricular epicardium
right valve is located at
right 2nd intercostal space next to sternum
tricuspid valve is located at
left 5th intercostal space next to sternum
pulmonary valve is located at
left 2nd intercostal space next to sternum
mitral valve is located at
left 5th intercostal space and midclavicular line
order of valves retrosternally
PAMT
main vessels of posterior chest wall and trunk
IVC, SVC which lie to right of aorta. azygous vein which drains into superior vena cava. thoracic duct to left of this and to left of this is hemiazygous vein
main arteries of upper limb
subclavian arises from aortic arch, becomes axillary, becomes brachial, becomes radial and ulnar, becomes digital branches
superficial veins of upper limb
superficial veins arise from dorsal venous arch on back of the hand. cephalic vein travels up the limb on lateral side, basilica travels up limb on medial side, median cubital connects cephalic and basilica across cubital fossa
Main arteries of lower limb
external iliac becomes common femoral In anterior thigh then gives off superficial and deep femoral. superficial becomes popliteal in political fossa which goes to anterior and posterior tibial. posterior tibial gives off fibular and continues medially down to plantar surface of foot. anterior tibial continues down anteriorly to dorsal of foot where it becomes dorsals pedis between 1st and 2nd toes
superficial veins of lower limb
superficial veins arise from dorsal arch of foot and long saphenous vein travels up limb medially to drain into femoral vein. short saphenous travels up to drain into popliteal
