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Anatomy and Physiology > Tissue Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Tissue Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Junctions

Purpose, Components, Types

A

Purpose: Connect cells to form tissues, regulate tissue homeostasis, provide tissue barrier function, facilitate cell proliferation.
Components: Interlocking transmembrane proteins.
Types: Tight junctions, Adherens junctions, Desmosomes, Hemidesmosomes, Gap junctions.

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2
Q

Tight Junctions

Function, Location

A

Function: Bind adjacent plasma membranes, prevent passage of water and solutes between cells.
Location: Stomach, intestinal tract, bladder.

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3
Q

Adherens Junctions

Structure, Function, Formation

A

Structure: Contains plaque made of actin filaments attached to cadherin proteins.
Function: Resist separation during contractile activities.
Formation: Often form extensive adhesion belts encircling cells.

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4
Q

Desmosomes

A
  • Similar to adherens junctions but with specific plaque locations.
  • Attach to intermediate filaments containing keratin.
  • Found in epidermis and cardiac muscle cells.
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5
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A
  • Anchor cells to basement membrane using integrin transmembrane protein.
  • Similar structure to desmosomes but attach to laminin in the basement membrane.
    Location: Between epidermis and dermis.
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6
Q

Gap Junctions

Composition, Function

A

Composition: Tunnel-like connections made of connexins.
Function: Provide intercellular communication by transferring substances like ions, nutrients, and waste products.

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7
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Functions, Structure, Characteristics

A

Functions: Protection, absorption, secretion, excretion.
Structure: Cells arranged in layers, may be single or multiple layers.
Characteristics: Avascular, ample nerve supply.

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8
Q

Epithelial Cell Surfaces

Apical, Lateral, Basal

A

Apical Surface: Faces body cavity or lumen, may contain cilia or microvilli.
Lateral Surface: Shared with adjacent cells, location of cell-to-cell junctions.
Basal Surface: Opposite to apical surface, attaches to basement membrane.

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9
Q

Basement Membrane

Purpose, Components

A

Purpose: Attaches epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissues.
Components: Basal lamina (collagen fibers, laminin, glycoproteins), reticular lamina (fibrous proteins).

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10
Q

Epithelium Classification

Based on, Number of cell layers, shape of cells(4)

A

Based on: Number of cell layers and shape of individual cells.
Number of Cell Layers: Simple (single layer), Stratified (multiple layers), Pseudostratified (appears layered but is single layer).
Shape of Cells: Squamous (flat), Cuboidal (cube-shaped), Columnar (rectangular), Transitional (able to alter between cuboidal and squamous).

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11
Q

Simple Epithelium

Description, Function, Examples

A

Description: Single layer of cells.
Function: Fast exchange across the epithelium.
Examples: Capillaries, Alveolar sacs of the lungs.

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12
Q

Stratified Epithelium

Description, Function, Examples

A

Description: Multiple layers of cells.
Function: Strength, reinforcement, protection.
Examples: Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, Skin (epidermis).

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13
Q

Pseudostratified Epithelium

Description, Types

A

Description: Appears multilayered but is actually one layer.
Types: Ciliated (respiratory tract), Non-ciliated (male reproductive tract).

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14
Q

Squamous

Description, Examples

A

Description: Flat, allows high rate of absorption.
Examples: Capillaries, Alveolar sacs of the lungs.

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15
Q

Cuboidal

Description

A

Description: Cube-shaped, may have microvilli, allows secretion and absorption.

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16
Q

Columnar

Description, Examples

A

Description:Column or rectangular shaped, may have microvilli, allows secretion and absorption.
Examples: Stomach, small intestinal lining.

17
Q

Transitional

A

Description: Superficial layers can alter between cuboidal and squamous, allows distension and stretch.
Examples: Bladder, ureters, parts of urethra.

18
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Description, Function, Location

A

Description:Single layer of flat cells, thinnest and most delicate type.
Function: Filtration (e.g., blood filtration), diffusion (e.g., oxygen diffusion into lungs), secretion in serous membranes.
Location:Lines blood vessels (endothelium), heart (endocardium), serous membranes of body cavities (mesothelium), and air sacs of lungs (alveoli).

19
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Description, Function, Locations

A

Description: Single layer of cube-like cells with centrally located nucleus.
Function: Secretion and absorption.
Locations: Covers ovary surface, anterior surface of lens capsule, pigmented epithelium of retina, kidney tubules, secreting portion of some glands like thyroid gland.

20
Q

Non-ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium

Description, Location, Function

A

Description: Single layer of non-ciliated column-like cells, often with microvilli and goblet cells.
Location:Lines digestive canal.
Function: Secretion and absorption, secretes mucus for lubrication and protection against stomach acid.

21
Q

Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium

Description, Location, Function

A

Description: Single layer of ciliated column-like cells.
Location: Lines respiratory tract bronchioles, uterine tubes, uterus, brain ventricles.
Function: Cilia beat to move mucus and foreign particles toward throat for removal, aids in moving oocytes from ovaries to uterus.

22
Q

Non-ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Description, Function, Location

A

Description: Appears to have several layers due to nuclei at various levels; lacks cilia and goblet cells.
Function: Absorption and secretion.
Location: Epididymis, parts of male urethras, vas deferens, larger ducts of many glands.

23
Q

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Description, Location, Function

A

Description: Appears to have several layers; contains ciliated and goblet cells.
Location: Respiratory mucosa lining much of the respiratory tract.
Function: Secretes mucus to trap foreign particles; cilia sweep away mucus for elimination.

24
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Description, Non-keratinized Location, Keratinized Location, Function

A

Description: Two or more layers; apical layer squamous, deeper layers vary.
Non-keratinized Location: Lines moist surfaces like mouth, esophagus, vagina.
Keratinized Location: Skin (epidermis), hair, nails.
Function: Protection against abrasion, water loss, pathogen invasion.

25
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Description, Location, Function

A

Description: Two or more layers; apical layer cube-shaped.
Location: Ducts of adult sweat glands, esophageal glands.
Function: Protection, limited secretion and absorption.

26
Q

Stratified Columnar Epithelium:

Description, Location, Function

A

Description: Basal layers irregularly shaped, apical layer columnar.
Location: Large excretory ducts of some glands, anal mucous membrane, conjunctiva of eye.
Function: Protection and secretion.

27
Q

Transitional Epithelium (Urothelium)

A

Description: Variable appearance; stratified cuboidal when relaxed, stratified squamous when stretched.
Location: Lines urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra.
Function: Allows stretch and maintains protective lining while holding variable fluid amounts.

28
Q

Goblet Cells

A

Mucous-secreting cells, found in respiratory tract

29
Q

Ciliated

A

Describes cells with cilia.

30
Q

Mesothelium

A

Simple squamous epithelium of serous membranes

31
Q

Endothelium

A

Simple squamous epithelium lining blood vessels.

32
Q

Endocardium

A

Simple squamous epithelium lining heart and heart valves.

Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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