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Anatomy and Physiology > Chemistry Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Chemistry Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Atom

A

the smallest part of a substance that cannot be broken down chemically, makes up an element

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2
Q

Element

A

composed of only one type of atom

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3
Q

Subatomic particles

A

Electrons, protons, and neutrons.

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4
Q

Nucleus

A

At the center of an atom, contains one or more protons and may also contain neutrons.

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5
Q

Electron cloud

A

Created by the whirl of electrons around the nucleus.

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6
Q

Atomic number

A

The total number of protons in an atom.

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7
Q

Mass number

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

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8
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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9
Q

Atomic mass

A

The actual mass of an atom of a specific isotope, measured in atomic mass units (amu) or daltons.

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10
Q

Atomic weight

A

The average mass of an element, including different isotopes in proportion.

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11
Q

Elements

A
  • Purest substances
  • Cannot be broken down further chemically
  • Present in living and non-living matter
  • Total of 118 elements, 94 natural, 24 derived
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12
Q

Atoms

A
  • Protons balance electrons
  • Electrically neutral
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13
Q

Electron Cloud

A
  • Series of concentric shells
  • First shell (closest to nucleus) is lowest energy level
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14
Q

Valence Shell

A
  • Outermost shell
  • Unfilled = reactive
  • Electrons are donated, received, or shared
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15
Q

Full outer shells are inert

A
  • Stable
  • Examples: helium, neon
  • Noble gases
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16
Q

Octet Rule

A
  • Atoms aim for 8 electrons in valence shell
  • Achieve stability
17
Q

Ions

A
  • Gained or lost electrons
  • Net positive (cation) or negative (anion) charge
  • Examples: +1, +2, +3, -1, -2, -3, -4
18
Q

Molecules

A
  • Formed by atoms sharing electrons
  • Example: O2 (oxygen)
19
Q

Compounds

A
  • Combination of different elements
  • Examples: NaCl (table salt), H2O (water)
20
Q

Ionic Bonds

A
  • Strong when not in solution, weak in solution
  • Formed by transfer of electrons
21
Q

Covalent Bonds

A
  • Strong bonds formed by sharing electrons
  • Examples: single, double, triple bonds
22
Q

Electronegativity

A
  • Influenced by atomic radius and nuclear charge
  • Oxygen has high electronegativity
23
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A
  • Weakest bond, between polar molecules
  • Properties: surface tension, heat capacity, solvent properties

Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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