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Anatomy and Physiology > Muscle Tissue Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Contractile Proteins

A
  • Main components generating force
  • Found inside myofibrils
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2
Q

Myosin

A
  • Makes up thick filaments
  • Shaped like twisted golf clubs
  • Has actin binding sites
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3
Q

Actin

A
  • Makes up thin filaments
  • Shaped like golf balls
  • Has myosin binding sites
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4
Q

Regulatory Proteins

A

Aid in alternating between contraction & relaxation

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5
Q

Troponin

A
  • Found in thin filaments
  • Functions as a binding site for calcium
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6
Q

Tropomyosin

A
  • Found in thin filaments
  • Functions to block the myosin binding site during muscle relaxation
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7
Q

Structural Proteins

A
  • Stabilize the structure
  • Provide elasticity and extensibility
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8
Q

Titin

A
  • Anchors thick filaments from M-line to Z-disc
  • Helps return filaments to original positions after stretch or contraction
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9
Q

Myomesin

A
  • Forms the M-line
  • Helps stabilize thick filaments
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10
Q

Nebulin

A

Anchors thin filaments (actin) to the Z-discs

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11
Q

Dystrophin

A
  • Links thin filaments to the sarcolemma for stability
  • Lacking in muscular dystrophy
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12
Q

Sarcomere

A
  • Functional unit of striated muscle
  • Contracts during muscle contraction
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13
Q

Z Disc

A
  • Protein structures at sarcomere edges
  • Stabilize filaments
  • Sarcomere spans from Z disc to Z disc
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14
Q

A Band and I Band

A

A band: Full length of thick filaments, overlaps thin filaments
I band: Lighter, thin filaments only, no thick filaments

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15
Q

M Line and H Zone

A

M line: Midline of sarcomere, through thick filaments
H zone: Middle of A-band, thick filaments only, no thin filaments

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16
Q

Zones During Contraction

A
  • Z-lines closer together, sarcomere shortens
  • H band shrinks/disappears
  • I band shrinks
  • A-band remains constant length
17
Q

ATP Hydrolysis

Sliding Filament Theory Step 1

A
  • ATPase in myosin head cleaves ATP into ADP and releases phosphate
  • Positions myosin head correctly
18
Q

Formation of Cross Bridges

Sliding Filament Theory Step 2

A
  • Ca2+ released from SR binds to troponin upon signaling
  • Alters troponin-tropomyosin complex, exposing myosin binding sites
  • Allows myosin and actin binding
19
Q

Power Stroke

Sliding Filament Theory Step 3

A
  • ADP detaches from myosin head
  • Myosin heads move towards sarcomere center, causing shortening
20
Q

Breaking of Cross Bridges

Sliding Filament Theory Step 4

A
  • Another ATP molecule binds to cross bridge
  • Releases myosin from actin
21
Q

Continuation of Process

A
  • Continues with ATP and Ca2+ presence
  • Nerve impulses trigger calcium release
  • Without ATP, muscle stays contracted, leading to rigor mortis
22
Q

Excitation-Contraction Coupling

A
  • Link between sarcolemma action potential and muscle contraction initiation
  • Action potential from motor neuron triggers muscle response
23
Q

Neural Control

A
  • Action potential in motor neuron initiates process at neuromuscular junction
24
Q

Excitation

A
  • Action potential causes ACh release from motor neuron
  • Leads to sarcolemma excitation
25
Q

Calcium Ion Release

Excitation-Contraction Coupling #1

A
  • Muscle fiber action potential travels through T tubules/triads
  • Triggers release of stored Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum
26
Q

Contraction Cycle Begins

Excitation-Contraction Coupling #2

A
  • Ca2+ binds troponin, exposing active sites on actin
  • Cross-bridges form; continues with ATP/Ca2+ availability and action potentials
27
Q

Sarcomeres Shorten

Excitation-Contraction Coupling #3

A
  • Interaction of thick and thin filaments (sliding filaments)
  • Shortens sarcomeres, pulls ends of muscle fibers closer
28
Q

Muscle Tension Produced

Excitation-Contraction Coupling #4

A
  • Fiber shortening causes entire muscle to shorten
  • Contraction generates pull/tension on tendons
29
Q

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)

A
  • Strenuous exercise leads to microscopic muscle tears
  • Within 24-72 hours, inflammation causes:
  • Pain, tenderness, muscle stiffness, and swelling (edema)
30
Q

Muscle Strain

A

Result from excessive force causing muscle and tendon tears

31
Q

Muscle Cramps

A

Painful, sudden, spasmodic muscle fiber contractions

Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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