Tissue Flashcards by Matthew Sarimos

It is a group of cells with similar structure and function plus extracellular substance (matrix)

Tissue

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It is the study of tissues

Histology

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Give the four primary types of Tissue

Epithelium
Connective Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Muscle

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________ - line the outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels throughout the body, as well as the inner surfaces of cavities in many internal organs. An example is the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin

Epithelial tissues

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________ is found in between other tissues everywhere in the body, including the nervous system.

Connective tissue

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________ - They support and protect the body. All of this tissue consists of three main components: fibers (elastic and collagenous fibers)

Connective tissue

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Connective tissue have three main components, what are this three?

Fibers
Elastic
collagenous fibers

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_______ is a soft tissue that composes muscles in bodies, and gives rise to muscles’ ability to contract.

Muscle tissue

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________ - is made up of different types of nerve cells, all of which have an axon, the long stem- like part of the cell that sends action potential signals to the next cell. Bundles of axons make up the nerves.

Nervous tissue

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Functions of the __________ are sensory input, integration, control of muscles and glands, homeostasis, and mental activity.

Nervous system

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Epithelium Characteristics are?

• Cells fit closely together

• Tissue layer always has one free surface

• The lower surface is bound by a basement membrane

• Avascular (have no blood supply)

• -Gets the nourishment from underlying connective tissues

• Regenerate easily if well nourished

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Epithelial Tissues is Found in different areas, where are this?

• Body coverings

• Body linings

• Glandular tissue

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Epithelium Function are?

Protect:
Ex. Skin
Act as a barrier:
Ex. Skin keeps bacteria out
Diffusion and Filtration:
Ex. Lungs and kidneys
Secretion:
Ex. Sweat glands
Absorption:
Ex. Small intestine

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Classified according to number of cell layers and cell shape

• Number of cell layers

_______ - one layer

_______ - one layer more than

Simple
Stratified

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Classification of Epithelium,
Shape of cells

________ - flattened

________ - cube-shaped

________ - column-like

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

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Give the answers of “Simple Squamous”

Structure: ?

Function: ?

Location: ?

1 layer of flat, tile-like cells
diffusion and filtration
blood vessels, lungs, heart, kidneys

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Give the answers of Simple Cuboidal

Structure: ?

Function: ?

Location: ?

1 layer of square-shaped cells
Secretion
Glands, ovaries, kidneys

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Give the answers of Simple Columnar

Structure: ?

Function: ?

Location: ?

1 layer of tall, narrow cells
secrete mucus and absorption
stomach, intestines, resp. tract

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Pseudostratified Columnar

Structure: ?

Function: ?

Location: ?

1 layer of tall, narrow cells appears stratified but isn’t
secrete mucus and propel debris out of resp. tract (cilia)
nasal cavity and trachea

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________?

• Single layer of flat cells

• Usually forms membranes

• Lines body cavities

• Lines lungs and capillaries

Simple squamous

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________?

• Single layer of cube-like cells

• Common in glands and their ducts

• Forms walls of kidney tubules

• Covers the ovaries

Simple cuboidal

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________?

• Single layer of tall cells

• Often includes goblet cells, which produce mucus

• Lines digestive tract

Simple columnar

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________?

• Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others

• Often looks like a double cell layer

• Sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract

• May function in absorption or secretion

Pseudostratified

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Stratified Squamous

Structure: ?

Function: ?

Location: ?

many layers of flat, tile-like cells
protect and acts as a barrier
skin, mouth, throat, esophagus

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• Transitional Structure: ? Function: ? Location: ?

- special type of stratified epithelium changes shape (stretched squamous, not stretched cuboidal) - hold fluids - urinary bladder

________? Locations • Skin • Mouth • Esophagus It is Cells at the free edge are flattened also Found as a protective covering where friction is common

Stratified squamous

_______ Two layers of cuboidal cells.

Stratified cuboidal

_______ - Surface cells are columnar, cells underneath vary in size and shape.

Stratified columnar

________ - Rare in human body, Found mainly in ducts of large glands.

Stratified cuboidal and columnar

________? • Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching • Lines organs of the urinary system

Transitional epithelium

______ - one or more cells that secretes a particular product.

Gland

what is the Two major types of Endocrine gland?

• Secretions are hormones • Ductless

what is the Two major types of Exocrine gland?

• Empty through ducts to the epithelial surface • Include sweat and oil glands

________ - It is Found everywhere in the body, Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues.

Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue Functions?

• Binds body tissues together • Supports the body • Provides protection

_______ - Non-living material that surrounds living cells

Extracellular matrix

_________ is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by support cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

This is a Type of Ordinary Connective Tissue, "Loose" Location: ? Structure: ? Function: ?

- between organs, muscles, glands, skin - collagen fibers far apart - support and protect

________? • Most widely distributed connective tissue • Soft, pliable tissue • Contains all fiber types • Can soak up excess fluid

Areolar connective tissue

________? • Matrix is an areolar tissue in which fat globules predominate • Many cells contain large lipid deposits Functions: • Insulates the body • Protects some organs • Serves as a site of fuel storage

Adipose tissue

_________? • Delicate network of interwoven fibers • Forms stroma (internal supporting network) of lymphoid organs • Lymph nodes • Spleen • Bone marrow

Reticular connective tissue

This is a Type of Ordinary Connective Tissue, "Dense" Location: ? Structure: ? Function: ?

- tendons, ligaments, skin - collagen fibers packed close together - connect and can withstand pulling forces

________ - Its Main matrix element is collagen fibers and Cells are fibroblasts • Examples • Tendon - attach muscle to bone • Ligaments - attach bone to bone

Dense connective tissue

What is the two supporting Connective tissue type?

- Cartilage - Blood

Supporting connective Tissue ________? ■ Type of connective tissue ■ Composed of chondrocytes ■ Contains collagen ■ Withstands compressions ■ Provides support, flexibility, strength

Cartilage

What is the three types of Cartilage?

- Hyaline Cartilage - Fibrocartilage - Elastic Cartilage

It is the most common Cartilage? Compose of: - Abundant collagen fibers - Rubbery matrix - Entire fetal skeleton is hyaline Cartilage

Hyaline Cartilage

It provides elasticity, example it supports the external ear

Elastic cartilage

It is highly compressible and forms like cushion-like discs between vertebrae

Fibro Cartilage

________ Composed of: • Bone cells in lacunae (cavities) • Hard matrix of calcium salts • Large numbers of collagen fibers • Used to protect and support the body

Bone (osseous tissue)

Types of Fluid Connective Tissue • Fibers are visible during clotting • Functions as the transport vehicle for materials

Blood

_________ - is a Liquid connective tissue. Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and it Transport food, oxygen, waste, hormones.

Blood

Muscle Tissue Function is to produce movement, what are the three types of it?

- Skeletal muscle - Cardiac muscle - smooth muscle

________? • Can be controlled voluntarily • Cells attach to connective tissue • Cells are striated • Cells have more than one nucleus

Skeletal muscle

________? • Found only in the heart • Function is to pump blood (involuntary) • Cells attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks • Cells are striated • One nucleus per cell

Cardiac muscle

________? • Involuntary muscle • Surrounds hollow organs • Attached to other smooth muscle cells • No visible striations • One nucleus per cell

Smooth muscle

Nerves are like plantings of the brain - _________

- Avicenna, Persian Polymath

_________? • Neurons and nerve support cells • Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body • Irritability • Conductivity

Nervous tissue

________ - Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells

Regeneration

________ -Repair by dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)

Fibrosis

Tissues that regenerate easily?

• Epithelial tissue • Fibrous connective tissue and bone

Tissues that regenerate poorly?

• Skeletal muscle

Tissues that are replaced largely with scar tissue?

• Cardiac muscle • Nervous tissue within the brain and spinal cord

Symptoms of Inflammation ________: blood vessels dilate ________: due to increased blood flow ________: from water and proteins ________: nerve endings are stimulated by damage and swelling

- Redness - Heat - Swelling - Pain