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Anatomy and Physiology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main components of the cardiovascular system (CVS)?

A

Heart, Blood, Blood Vessels

The heart pumps blood, blood serves as the transport vehicle, and blood vessels facilitate circulation.

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2
Q

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

A

Transportation of oxygen, nutrients, cell wastes, hormones, and other substances vital for homeostasis.

The CVS also removes carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products from the body.

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3
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels in the CVS?

A
  • Arteries (and Arterioles)
  • Capillaries
  • Veins (and Venules)

Each type has a specific function in blood circulation.

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4
Q

What is the function of arteries?

A

Carry blood away from the heart.

The largest artery is the aorta.

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5
Q

What is unique about capillaries?

A

Capillaries have walls only one cell thick for gas and nutrient exchange.

They are present in all body regions, but not all capillary beds are open simultaneously.

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6
Q

What is the role of veins in the cardiovascular system?

A

Carry blood toward the heart and can act as a reservoir during hemorrhage.

Veins carry about 70% of the body’s blood.

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7
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A
  • Two atria (upper chambers)
  • Two ventricles (lower chambers)

The atria are thin-walled, while the ventricles are thick-walled.

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8
Q

What divides the right and left sides of the heart?

A

Septum

The septum is a wall that separates the two sides of the heart.

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9
Q

What are the atrioventricular valves in the heart?

A
  • Tricuspid valve (right)
  • Bicuspid valve (left)

These valves occur between the atria and ventricles.

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10
Q

What are the three layers of heart tissue?

A
  • Endocardium
  • Myocardium
  • Pericardium

Each layer has a distinct structure and function.

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11
Q

What causes the heart sound ‘LUB’?

A

Closure of the atrioventricular valves.

This occurs simultaneously during the cardiac cycle.

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12
Q

What is the function of the SA Node?

A

Acts as the pacemaker of the heart.

It initiates the electrical impulse that regulates heartbeats.

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13
Q

What are the two main vascular pathways in the cardiovascular system?

A
  • Pulmonary circuit
  • Systemic circuit

The pulmonary circuit circulates blood through the lungs, while the systemic circuit circulates blood to the rest of the body.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ circulates blood through the lungs.

A

Pulmonary circuit

This is essential for oxygenation of the blood.

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15
Q

True or False: Veins have more smooth muscle and connective tissue compared to arteries.

A

False

Veins have much less smooth muscle and connective tissue than arteries.

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16
Q

In order to pump blood through the body the heart is connected to the vascular system of the body.

A

Cardiovascular System

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17
Q

It is the closed system.

It is designed to transport oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body and remove carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products from the body

A

Cardiovascular System

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18
Q

_________ means the blood vessel body throughout the body

A

Vascular system

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19
Q

__________ – byproduct of cellular respiration

A

Carbon dioxide

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20
Q

It is a hollow, cone shaped muscular pump that keeps the circulation going on

A

Heart

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21
Q

________ – more pointed, directed toward the left hip and rests on the diaphragm at the level of the 5th intercostal space

A

Apex

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22
Q

________ – which the great vessel of the body emerge, points toward the right shoulder and lies beneath the second rib.

A

Base

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23
Q

THE HEART

The heart has four chambers:
Two upper, thin-walled ____, and two lower, thick walled _____.
The _____ is a wall dividing the right and left sides.
The ______ occur between the atria and ventricles – The ______ on the right and the ______ on the left.
_______ anchors the valves to ensure 1 way of the blood. Anchored by the papillary muscles

A

atria, ventricles, Septum, Atrioventricular valves, tricuspid valve, bicuspid valve, Chordae Tendineae

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24
Q

what is the 3 layers of heart tissue?

A

Endocardium, Myocardium, Pericardium

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25
Q

_______ – innermost tissue that forms the surface of the valves

A

Endocardium

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26
Q

________ – middle most layer or the heart muscle

A

Myocardium

27
Q

________ – Outermost layer of the heart (tough double layered fibrous sac that covers the heart.

A

Pericardium

28
Q

________ – a thin layer of elastic connective tissue and fat that serves an additional protection from trauma and friction for the heart under the pericardium.

A

Epicardium

29
Q

In heart the _____ side is to take the unoxygenated blood that it received and get it to the lungs to get oxygenated

A

Right side

30
Q

In heart the _____ side is responsible for oxygenated blood to go throughout the body

A

Left side

31
Q

In the heart ________ is always on top of the ventricle

A

Atrium

32
Q

________ close at the same time and that makes the heart sound LUB

A

Atrioventricular valves

33
Q

________ close at the same time and that makes the heart sound DUB

A

Semilunar valves

34
Q

The valves that occur between the atria and ventricles s known as:

A

Atrioventricular valves

35
Q

The _______, _______ is the semilunar valve. They regulate the flow of blood leaving the heart.

A

pulmonary valve and the aortic valve

36
Q

________ – carry blood away from the heart

A

ARTERIES and Arterioles

37
Q

The largest artery is the ______.

A

AORTA

38
Q

_______ can constrict or dilate, changing blood pressure.

A

Arterioles

39
Q

________ – where nutrients and gas exchange occur

A

CAPILLARIES

40
Q

have walls only one cell thick to allow exchange of gases and nutrients with tissue fluids.

A

CAPILLARIES

41
Q

_______ are present in all regions of the body but not all capillary beds are open at the same time.

A

Capillary beds

42
Q

The CVS has a 3 types, what are does?

A

Arteries, capillaries, and veins

43
Q

________ – carry blood toward the heart

A

VEINS (and VENULES)

44
Q

_______ drain blood from capillaries, then join to form veins that take blood to the heart.

A

Venules

45
Q

_____ have much less smooth muscle and connective tissue than arteries.

A

Veins

46
Q

_______ often have valves that prevents the backward flow of blood when closed.

A

Veins

47
Q

_______ carry about 70% of the body’s blood and act as reservoir during hemorrhage.

A

Veins

48
Q

_______ carry about 70% of the body’s blood and act as reservoir during hemorrhage.

A

Veins

49
Q

Known as the pacemaker, is located in the right Atria.
It starts the spark and passes it on the next relay station.

A

SA Node

50
Q

Located on the back wall of the heart between the right atria and the right ventricle.

A

AV node

51
Q

The ________ located in the heart’s septum

A

“bundle of HIS”

52
Q

The “bundle of HIS” located in the

A

heart’s septum

53
Q

spread the electrical charge throughout the myocardial muscle which is the heart muscle. And causes the heart to contract atrias first then the ventricles.

A

Purkinje fibers

54
Q

A wall dividing the right and left sides of the heart

A

Septum

55
Q

Each heartbeat is called a _____________.

A

cardiac cycle

56
Q

The heart beat:

________ is the contraction of heart chamber; ________ is their relaxation.

A

Systole, diastole

57
Q

The _______, Lub-dub, are due to the closing of the atrioventricular valves, followed by the closing of the semilunar valves.

A

heart sounds

58
Q

________ – which circulates blood through the lungs

A

Pulmonary circuit

59
Q

________ – which circulates blood to the rest of the body.
Both circuits are vital to homeostasis.

A

Systemic circuit

60
Q

_______ - due to the pumping of the heart accounts for the flow of blood in the arteries.

A

Blood pressure

61
Q

________ is high when the heart expels the blood.

A

Systolic pressure

62
Q

_________ occurs when the heart ventricles are relaxing.

A

Diastolic pressure

63
Q

________ is the leading cause of death in western countries.

A

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

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