Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What are the main components of the cardiovascular system (CVS)?
Heart, Blood, Blood Vessels
The heart pumps blood, blood serves as the transport vehicle, and blood vessels facilitate circulation.
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
Transportation of oxygen, nutrients, cell wastes, hormones, and other substances vital for homeostasis.
The CVS also removes carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products from the body.
What are the three types of blood vessels in the CVS?
- Arteries (and Arterioles)
- Capillaries
- Veins (and Venules)
Each type has a specific function in blood circulation.
What is the function of arteries?
Carry blood away from the heart.
The largest artery is the aorta.
What is unique about capillaries?
Capillaries have walls only one cell thick for gas and nutrient exchange.
They are present in all body regions, but not all capillary beds are open simultaneously.
What is the role of veins in the cardiovascular system?
Carry blood toward the heart and can act as a reservoir during hemorrhage.
Veins carry about 70% of the body’s blood.
What are the four chambers of the heart?
- Two atria (upper chambers)
- Two ventricles (lower chambers)
The atria are thin-walled, while the ventricles are thick-walled.
What divides the right and left sides of the heart?
Septum
The septum is a wall that separates the two sides of the heart.
What are the atrioventricular valves in the heart?
- Tricuspid valve (right)
- Bicuspid valve (left)
These valves occur between the atria and ventricles.
What are the three layers of heart tissue?
- Endocardium
- Myocardium
- Pericardium
Each layer has a distinct structure and function.
What causes the heart sound ‘LUB’?
Closure of the atrioventricular valves.
This occurs simultaneously during the cardiac cycle.
What is the function of the SA Node?
Acts as the pacemaker of the heart.
It initiates the electrical impulse that regulates heartbeats.
What are the two main vascular pathways in the cardiovascular system?
- Pulmonary circuit
- Systemic circuit
The pulmonary circuit circulates blood through the lungs, while the systemic circuit circulates blood to the rest of the body.
Fill in the blank: The _______ circulates blood through the lungs.
Pulmonary circuit
This is essential for oxygenation of the blood.
True or False: Veins have more smooth muscle and connective tissue compared to arteries.
False
Veins have much less smooth muscle and connective tissue than arteries.
In order to pump blood through the body the heart is connected to the vascular system of the body.
Cardiovascular System
It is the closed system.
It is designed to transport oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body and remove carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products from the body
Cardiovascular System
_________ means the blood vessel body throughout the body
Vascular system
__________ – byproduct of cellular respiration
Carbon dioxide
It is a hollow, cone shaped muscular pump that keeps the circulation going on
Heart
________ – more pointed, directed toward the left hip and rests on the diaphragm at the level of the 5th intercostal space
Apex
________ – which the great vessel of the body emerge, points toward the right shoulder and lies beneath the second rib.
Base
THE HEART
The heart has four chambers:
Two upper, thin-walled ____, and two lower, thick walled _____.
The _____ is a wall dividing the right and left sides.
The ______ occur between the atria and ventricles – The ______ on the right and the ______ on the left.
_______ anchors the valves to ensure 1 way of the blood. Anchored by the papillary muscles
atria, ventricles, Septum, Atrioventricular valves, tricuspid valve, bicuspid valve, Chordae Tendineae
what is the 3 layers of heart tissue?
Endocardium, Myocardium, Pericardium
