Basic Chemistry Flashcards
__________ is the stuff of the universe. More precisely, It is anything that occupies space and has mass. With some exceptions, it can be seen, smelled, and felt.
Matter
Give the 3 States of Matter!
Solid, Liquid, Gas
Compared with matter, It is less tangible. It has no mass, does not take up space, and we can measure it only by its effects on matter. It is defined as the capacity to do work, or to put matter into motion. The greater work done; the more energy is used doing it.
Energy
What is the 2 states of Energy?
Kinetic, Potential
____________ is energy in action. We see evidence of it in the constant movement of the tiniest particles of matter (atoms) as well as in larger objects (a bouncing ball). It does work by moving objects, which in turn can do work by moving or pushing on other objects.
Kinetic Energy
It is a stored energy, that is inactive energy that has the potential, or capability, to do work but is not presently doing so.
Potential Energy
The form stored in the bonds of chemical substances. When chemical reactions occur that rearrange the atoms of the chemicals in a certain way, the potential energy is unleashed and becomes kinetic energy , or energy in action.
Ex. Some of the energy in the foods you eat is eventually converted into the kineic energy of your moving arm.
Chemical Energy
Food Energy is captured temporarily in the bonds of a chemical called ________________.
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)
In your body, electrical currents are generated when charged particles called _________ move along or across cell membranes.
ions
Results from the movement of charged particles. In your home, electrical energy is found in the flow of electrons along the ___________.
Household wiring
The nervous system uses electrical currents, called _______________, to transmit messages from one part of the body to another.
Nerve Impulses
It is a Energy that directly involved in moving matter. When you ride a bicycle, your legs provide it so it will move the pedals.
Mechanical Energy
_____________, or electromagnetic radiation, is energy that travels in waves. These waves, which vary in length, are collectively called the ____________________.
Radiant energy, Electromagnetic spectrum.
_________________ are quite inefficient. Some of the initial energy supply is always “lost” to the environment as heat.
Energy Conversion
______________ is converted into light energy in a lightbulb. But if you touch a lit bulb, you will soon discover that some of the electrical energy is producing heat instead.
Electrical Energy
All energy conversion in the body is ____________.
Liberate heat
The __________________, the faster the body’s chemical reactions occur.
Higher the temperature
All matter is composed of _____________.
Elements
Four elements_______, _______, ________, _________ make up about 96 % of body weight, and 20 others are present in the body, some in trace amounts.
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
Each element is composed of more or less identical particles or building blocks, called _______.
atoms
Every element’s atoms differ from those of all other elements and give the element its unique _________and __________.
physical, chemical properties
what property is this?
Are those we can detect with our senses (such as color and texture) or measure (such as boiling point and freezing point.)
Physical Property
what property is this?
Pertain to the way atoms interact with other atoms (bonding behavior) and account for the facts that iron rusts, animals can digest their food, and so on.
Chemical Properties
We designate each element by a one- or two- letter chemical short hand called an ____________, usually the first letter(s) of the element’s name.
atomic symbol
The word atom comes from the Greek word meaning
“ _________ .” However , we now know that atoms are clusters of even smaller particles called protons , neutrons , and electrons and that even those subatomic particles can be subdivided with high- technology tools.
indivisible
The 3 smaller particles of atom called?
Protons, neutron, electron
Give four Common Elements composing the human body?
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
The simplest and smallest atom is __________. Has 1 proton 1 electron and no neutrons.
Hydrogen
The heavier isotopes of many elements are unstable , and their atoms decompose spontaneously into more stable forms. This process of atomic decay is called _________ , and isotopes that exhibit this behavior are called ___________.
radioactivity, radioisotopes
Such a combination of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds is called a _________.
molecule
If two or more atoms of the “same” element combine , the resulting substance is called a _________ of that element.
molecule
