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Anatomy and Physiology > Organization of the Body > Flashcards

Organization of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys.

Can divided into different ways.

A

Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy

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2
Q

_______refers to the ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make adjustments needed to help maintain its life.

A

✔ Responsiveness

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3
Q

The complementary branch of science that studies the functions of the body, in other words how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities?

A

Physiology

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4
Q

The correct sequence of structural hierarchy?

A

chemical level - Cellular level - Tissue level - Organ level - Organ system level - Organism

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5
Q

The subdivision of microscopic anatomy that studies the tissues.

A

✔ Histology

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6
Q

The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface.

A

Surface Anatomy

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7
Q

Which of the following is NOT the correct name of an organ system?

a. Muscular
b. Hormonal
c. Lymphatic
d. Integumentary
e. Cardiovascular

A

b. Hormonal

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8
Q

A topic of anatomy that deals with the structures too small to be seen with the naked eye.

A

Microscopic Anatomy

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9
Q

The subdivision of gross anatomy that studies all the structures of the body such as muscles, bones, blood vessels , nerves , etc.

A

Regional Anatomy

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10
Q

A requirements for life that includes the activities promoted by the muscular system.

A

Movement

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11
Q

The statement “a group of cells with similar structure and function plus the extracellular substances located between them “ describes _______

A

a tissue

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12
Q

At this level , atoms , tiny building blocks of matter , combine to form molecules such as water and proteins.

A

Chemical Level

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13
Q

Everything is a subdivision of Gross anatomy except ?

a. Cystology
b. Regional Anatomy
c. Systemic Anatomy
d. Surface Anatomy

A

✓ Cystology

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14
Q

The subdivision of gross anatomy that studies all the system in the body.

A

Systemic Anatomy

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15
Q

It includes breaking down substances into simpler building blocks.

A

Metabolism

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16
Q

The complementary branch of science that studies the structure of the body and parts and their relationship to one another.

A

Anatomy

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17
Q

A topic of anatomy that traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span.

A

Developmental Anatomy

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18
Q

It is the force that exerts on the surface of the body.

A

Atmospheric Pressure

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19
Q

A topic of anatomy that studies the large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as heart , lungs, and kidneys.

A

Gross Anatomy

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20
Q

At this organizational level, an organ is a discrete structure composed of atleast two tissue types (four is more common ) that performs a specific function for the body.

A

Organ level

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21
Q

Growth refers to an increase in size of all or part of an organism . It can result from?

A

an increase in the number of cells within the organism.

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22
Q

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys.

Can be divided into different ways.

A

Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy

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23
Q

Gross anatomy Subdivision, Give the three

A

Regional Anatomy
Sytemic Anatomy
Surface Anatomy

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24
Q

________ - All the structures of your body.

________ - Body structure is studied system by system.

________ - The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface.

A

✓ Regional Anatomy

✓ Systemic Anatomy

✓ Surface Anatomy

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25
Q

You use this when you identify the bulging muscles beneath a body builder’s skin, and clinicians use it to locate appropriate blood vessels in which to feel pulses and draw blood.

A

Surface Anatomy

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26
Q

Deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye.

A

Microscopic Anatomy

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27
Q

_______ - Study of tissues

A

Histology

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28
Q

_______ - Study of cells

A

Cystology

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29
Q

Traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span.

A

Developmental Anatomy

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30
Q

________ a subdivision of developmental anatomy, concerns developmental changes that occur before birth.

A

Embryology

31
Q

Give the three Subdivision of Physiology

A

• Renal Physiology
• Neuro Physiology
• Cardiovascular Physiology

32
Q

The 4 basic types of tissue in human are:

A
  • Epithelium
  • Muscles
  • Connective Tissue
  • Nervous Tissue
33
Q

In stomach, Its ___________ reinforces the soft muscular walls

A

connective tissue

34
Q

Its _________ increase digestive activity by stimulating the muscle to contract more vigorously and the glands to secrete more digestive juices.

A

nerve fibers

35
Q

This is the highest Level of Organization

A

Organism Level

36
Q

The ________ is a limiting membrane that encloses its contents and lets in needed substances while restricting entry of potentially damaging or unnecessary substances.

A

external boundary

37
Q

It is also called as Excitability

A

Responsiveness

38
Q

Is the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then respond to them.

A

Responsiveness

39
Q

Is the breaking down of ingested food stuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.

A

Digestion

40
Q

Includes all chemical reactions that occur within body cells.

It includes breaking down substances into simpler building blocks.

Depends on the digestive system and respiratory system.

A

Metabolism

41
Q

________ - rids the body of indigestible food residues in feces.

A

Digestive system

42
Q

________ - rids the body of nitrogen- containing metabolic waste such as urea.

A

Urinary system

43
Q

_______ -rids the body of excess carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory system

44
Q

An increase size of a body part or the organism as a whole.

A

Growth

45
Q

_______ - It is usually accomplished by increasing the number of ______.

A

Growth, Cells

46
Q

Give all the survival needs

A
  • Nutrients
  • Oxygen
  • Water
  • Atmospheric pressure
  • Appropriate temperature
47
Q

To describe the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously.

A

Homeostasis

48
Q

_______ - some type of sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes, called stimuli, by sending information(input) to the second components

A

RECEPTOR

49
Q

________ - Determines the set point, which is the level or range at which a variable is to maintained.

A

CONTROL CENTER

50
Q

________ - Provides the means for the control center’s response to the stimulus.

A

EFFECTOR

51
Q

In these systems, the output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus or reduces its intensity.

A

Negative Feedback

52
Q

Regulation of body temperature is only one of the many ways the nervous system maintains the constancy of the internal environment.

A

Negative Feedback

53
Q

The ________ is equally important in maintaining homeostasis. A good example of a hormonal negative feedback mechanism is the control of blood sugar (glucose) by insulin.

A

endocrine system

54
Q

________ – BODY IS ERECT with FEET SLIGHTLY APART. The palms are facing forward, and the thumbs point away from the body.

A

Standard position

55
Q

__________ - allow us to explain where one body structure is in relation to another

A

Directional Terms

56
Q

_________ - which makes up the main axis of our body, includes the head and the neck

A

AXIAL PART

57
Q

________ -Consists of the appendages, or limbs, which are attached to the body’s axis.

A

APPENDICULAR PART

58
Q

________ – is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.

It lies exactly in the midline is the median plane, or midsagittal plane.

A

Sagittal Plane

59
Q

_______ - Like sagittal planes, lie vertically. Frontal parts. However, divide the body into anterior and posterior parts.

A

Frontal Plane.

60
Q

A frontal plane is also called a _______.

A

coronal plane

61
Q

_________ - RUNS horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts.

A

Transverse or Horizontal Plane

62
Q

Dorsal Body Cavity Protects the fragile nervous system organs, and has two subdivisions:

A

-Cranial Cavity
-Vertebral or spinal Cavity

63
Q

The ________, in the skull, encases the brain.

A

Cranial Cavity

64
Q

The _______, or _______, Cavity Which runs within the body vertebral column, encloses the delicate spinal cord.

A

Vertebral, or Spinal, Cavity

65
Q

Give the 2 major subdivision of Ventral Body Cavity

A

Thoracic Cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity

66
Q

Surrounded by the ribs and muscles of the chest. The thoracic cavity is further subdivided into lateral pleural cavities, each enveloping a lung, and the medial mediastinum. The mediastinum contains the pericardial cavity, which encloses the heart, and it also surrounds the remaining thoracic organs (ESOPHAGUS, TRACHEA, and others.)

A

THORACIC CAVITY

67
Q

ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY
Has 2 parts:

A
  • Abdominal Cavity
  • Pelvic Cavity
68
Q

_________ - Contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs.

A

Abdominal Cavity

69
Q

_________ - Lies in the bony pelvis and contains the urinary bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum.

A

Pelvic Cavity

70
Q

_________ - Mouth, contains the teeth and tongue.

A

Oral and digestive cavities

71
Q

________ - Located within and posterior to the nose. A part of the respiratory system passageways.

A

Nasal Cavity

72
Q

________ - In the skull house the eyes and present them in an anterior position.

A

Orbital Cavities

73
Q

________ - In the skull lie just medial to the eardrums. These cavities contain tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors in the inner ears.

A

Middle Ear Cavities

74
Q

_________ - are joint cavities. They are enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround freely movable joints of the body.

A

Sinovial Cavities

Anatomy and Physiology (11 decks)

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