Organization of the Body Flashcards by Matthew Sarimos

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys.

Can divided into different ways.

Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy

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_______refers to the ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make adjustments needed to help maintain its life.

✔ Responsiveness

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The complementary branch of science that studies the functions of the body, in other words how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities?

Physiology

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The correct sequence of structural hierarchy?

chemical level - Cellular level - Tissue level - Organ level - Organ system level - Organism

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The subdivision of microscopic anatomy that studies the tissues.

✔ Histology

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The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface.

Surface Anatomy

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Which of the following is NOT the correct name of an organ system?

a. Muscular
b. Hormonal
c. Lymphatic
d. Integumentary
e. Cardiovascular

b. Hormonal

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A topic of anatomy that deals with the structures too small to be seen with the naked eye.

Microscopic Anatomy

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The subdivision of gross anatomy that studies all the structures of the body such as muscles, bones, blood vessels , nerves , etc.

Regional Anatomy

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A requirements for life that includes the activities promoted by the muscular system.

Movement

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The statement “a group of cells with similar structure and function plus the extracellular substances located between them “ describes _______

a tissue

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At this level , atoms , tiny building blocks of matter , combine to form molecules such as water and proteins.

Chemical Level

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Everything is a subdivision of Gross anatomy except ?

a. Cystology
b. Regional Anatomy
c. Systemic Anatomy
d. Surface Anatomy

✓ Cystology

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The subdivision of gross anatomy that studies all the system in the body.

Systemic Anatomy

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It includes breaking down substances into simpler building blocks.

Metabolism

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The complementary branch of science that studies the structure of the body and parts and their relationship to one another.

Anatomy

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A topic of anatomy that traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span.

Developmental Anatomy

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It is the force that exerts on the surface of the body.

Atmospheric Pressure

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A topic of anatomy that studies the large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as heart , lungs, and kidneys.

Gross Anatomy

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At this organizational level, an organ is a discrete structure composed of atleast two tissue types (four is more common ) that performs a specific function for the body.

Organ level

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Growth refers to an increase in size of all or part of an organism . It can result from?

an increase in the number of cells within the organism.

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The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys.

Can be divided into different ways.

Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy

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Gross anatomy Subdivision, Give the three

Regional Anatomy
Sytemic Anatomy
Surface Anatomy

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________ - All the structures of your body.

________ - Body structure is studied system by system.

________ - The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface.

✓ Regional Anatomy

✓ Systemic Anatomy

✓ Surface Anatomy

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You use this when you identify the bulging muscles beneath a body builder's skin, and clinicians use it to locate appropriate blood vessels in which to feel pulses and draw blood.

Surface Anatomy

Deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye.

Microscopic Anatomy

_______ - Study of tissues

Histology

_______ - Study of cells

Cystology

Traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span.

Developmental Anatomy

________ a subdivision of developmental anatomy, concerns developmental changes that occur before birth.

Embryology

Give the three Subdivision of Physiology

• Renal Physiology • Neuro Physiology • Cardiovascular Physiology

The 4 basic types of tissue in human are:

- Epithelium - Muscles - Connective Tissue - Nervous Tissue

In stomach, Its ___________ reinforces the soft muscular walls

connective tissue

Its _________ increase digestive activity by stimulating the muscle to contract more vigorously and the glands to secrete more digestive juices.

nerve fibers

This is the highest Level of Organization

Organism Level

The ________ is a limiting membrane that encloses its contents and lets in needed substances while restricting entry of potentially damaging or unnecessary substances.

external boundary

It is also called as Excitability

Responsiveness

Is the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then respond to them.

Responsiveness

Is the breaking down of ingested food stuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.

Digestion

Includes all chemical reactions that occur within body cells. It includes breaking down substances into simpler building blocks. Depends on the digestive system and respiratory system.

Metabolism

________ - rids the body of indigestible food residues in feces.

Digestive system

________ - rids the body of nitrogen- containing metabolic waste such as urea.

Urinary system

_______ -rids the body of excess carbon dioxide

Respiratory system

An increase size of a body part or the organism as a whole.

Growth

_______ - It is usually accomplished by increasing the number of ______.

Growth, Cells

Give all the survival needs

- Nutrients - Oxygen - Water - Atmospheric pressure - Appropriate temperature

To describe the body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously.

Homeostasis

_______ - some type of sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes, called stimuli, by sending information(input) to the second components

RECEPTOR

________ - Determines the set point, which is the level or range at which a variable is to maintained.

CONTROL CENTER

________ - Provides the means for the control center's response to the stimulus.

EFFECTOR

In these systems, the output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus or reduces its intensity.

Negative Feedback

Regulation of body temperature is only one of the many ways the nervous system maintains the constancy of the internal environment.

Negative Feedback

The ________ is equally important in maintaining homeostasis. A good example of a hormonal negative feedback mechanism is the control of blood sugar (glucose) by insulin.

endocrine system

________ – BODY IS ERECT with FEET SLIGHTLY APART. The palms are facing forward, and the thumbs point away from the body.

Standard position

__________ - allow us to explain where one body structure is in relation to another

Directional Terms

_________ - which makes up the main axis of our body, includes the head and the neck

AXIAL PART

________ -Consists of the appendages, or limbs, which are attached to the body's axis.

APPENDICULAR PART

________ – is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts. It lies exactly in the midline is the median plane, or midsagittal plane.

Sagittal Plane

_______ - Like sagittal planes, lie vertically. Frontal parts. However, divide the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Frontal Plane.

A frontal plane is also called a _______.

coronal plane

_________ - RUNS horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts.

Transverse or Horizontal Plane

Dorsal Body Cavity Protects the fragile nervous system organs, and has two subdivisions:

-Cranial Cavity -Vertebral or spinal Cavity

The ________, in the skull, encases the brain.

Cranial Cavity

The _______, or _______, Cavity Which runs within the body vertebral column, encloses the delicate spinal cord.

Vertebral, or Spinal, Cavity

Give the 2 major subdivision of Ventral Body Cavity

Thoracic Cavity Abdominopelvic Cavity

Surrounded by the ribs and muscles of the chest. The thoracic cavity is further subdivided into lateral pleural cavities, each enveloping a lung, and the medial mediastinum. The mediastinum contains the pericardial cavity, which encloses the heart, and it also surrounds the remaining thoracic organs (ESOPHAGUS, TRACHEA, and others.)

THORACIC CAVITY

ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY Has 2 parts:

- Abdominal Cavity - Pelvic Cavity

_________ - Contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs.

Abdominal Cavity

_________ - Lies in the bony pelvis and contains the urinary bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum.

Pelvic Cavity

_________ - Mouth, contains the teeth and tongue.

Oral and digestive cavities

________ - Located within and posterior to the nose. A part of the respiratory system passageways.

Nasal Cavity

________ - In the skull house the eyes and present them in an anterior position.

Orbital Cavities

________ - In the skull lie just medial to the eardrums. These cavities contain tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors in the inner ears.

Middle Ear Cavities

_________ - are joint cavities. They are enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround freely movable joints of the body.

Sinovial Cavities