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ABD class 2 > Thyroid powerpoint reverse > Flashcards

Thyroid powerpoint reverse Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid gland length

A

4-6 cm

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2
Q

Thyroid gland AP

A

2-3 cm

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3
Q

Throid gland width

A

2 cm

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4
Q

Isthmus diameter

A

4-6 mm

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5
Q

Thyroid in relations with trachea

A

lateral

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6
Q

Thyroid in relations with esophagus and cervical spine

A

anterior

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7
Q

Thyroid in relations with IJV and carotid artery

A

medial

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8
Q

Pyramidal Lobe

A

a normal variant extending superior to the isthmus May be seen in pediatric but usually atrophies in the adult present in 15 to 30% of thyroids

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9
Q

Vascular Supply

A

right and left superior thyroid arteries and inferior thyroid arteries

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10
Q

First branch off the ECA

A

right and left superior thyroid arteries

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11
Q

Venous Drainage

A

superior and middle thyroid veins into the jugular vein and the inferior thyroid veins into the inominate vein

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12
Q

Strap Muscles

A

thin sonolucent bands along the anterior surface of thyroid Sternohyoid Omohyoid Sternothyroid

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13
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle location

A

anterolaterally to thyroid

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14
Q

Common Carotid artery and internal jugular vein location

A

lateral to thyroid glands

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15
Q

Longus collie muscle

A

Posterior to the thyroid wedge-shaped sonolucent structure adjacent to the cervical vertebrae

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16
Q

Esophagus is usually hidden because of what

A

Trachea

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17
Q

Minor neurovascular bundle location

A

posterior to thyroid

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18
Q

Parathyroid location

A

posterior to thyroid

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19
Q

Thyroid gland function

A

Endocrine gland T3 T4 CALCITONIN

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20
Q

The production and releae of the thyroid hormones are under the control of

A

TSH

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21
Q

What is TSH produced by

A

anterior pituitary gland which is located in the brain

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22
Q

Calcitonin is important for

A

calcium metabolism

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23
Q

Euthyroid

A

state in which the thyroid is producing the right amount of thyroid hormone

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24
Q

When does hyperthroidism occur

A

increased production of T-3 and T-4

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25
Q

Metabolic rate Body’s growth and development Heart and blood vessel functions Brain function Behavior

A

Hormones affects

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26
Q

Thyroid enlargement Increased metabolic rate Weight loss Nervousness

A

Hyperthyroidism results in

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27
Q

acute situation with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, usually precipitated by infection or surgery

A

Thyroid Storm

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28
Q

of resulting hyperthermia, tachycardia, heart failure and delirium

A

Hyperthyroidism may be life threatening because

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29
Q

Hypoechoic with diffuse enlargement without palpable nodules Doppler shows increased vascularity (thyroid inferno)

A

Sonographic Appearance of hyperthyroidism

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30
Q

inflammation of thyroid causing swelling and tenderness due to infection

A

Diffuse thyroid disease (Thyroiditis)

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31
Q

caused by infection or autoimmune disorder

A

Diffuse thyroid disease (Thyroiditis) is caused by

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32
Q

enlarged and hypoechoic

A

Diffuse thyroid disease (Thyroiditis) sonographic appearance

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33
Q

usually viral diffuse enlargement tenderness/mild to severe transient hyperthyroidism

A

De Quervain’s (sub acute granulamatous)

34
Q

goitrous from of autoimmune thyroiditis-(chronic) a. Most common form b. auto-immune- chronic inflammation c. diffuse enlargement possibly asymmetric d. painless/ may develop mild pain over time e. eventual hypothyroidism f. more prevalent in women

A

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

35
Q

a. possibly hypoechoic/normal echo texture b. thick fibrous strands c. Color flow variable can be increased or decreased vascularity with color doppler

A

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Sonopgraphic appearance

36
Q

decreased production of T-3 and T-4

A

Hypothroidism occurs when theres a

37
Q

thyroid failure, or abnormalites of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus

A

Hypothyroidism may be caused by

38
Q

thick skin,puffy face,course hair, husky voice

A

Hypothyroidsm for adults

39
Q

decreased physical and mental growth

A

Hypothyroidsm for infants and children

40
Q

increased TSH decreased T4/T3

A

Hypothyroidism with a normal functioning pituitary and hypothalmus

41
Q

decreased TSH increased T4/T3

A

Hyperthyroidism with a normal functioning pituitary and hypothalmus

42
Q

Differentiates between hyperfunctioning “hot”nodules and hypofuntioning “cold” nodules. “Cold” nodules have a higher risk of malignancy

A

Nuclear medicine

43
Q

Palpable enlargement Abnormal thyroid hormone level (s) Palpable mass in neck/thyroid Swelling of the neck Asymmetry of neck Redness and/or tenderness

A

Indications for exam

44
Q

homogenous with fine echogenicity

A

Normal gland is

45
Q

most common abnormality, most common in females age 50-70 Appears as an enlarged, heterogenous

A

Multinodular goiter

46
Q

benign, usually single tumors Appears as a well defined hypoechoic mass 50% will have a halo or ring surrounding

A

Follicular adenomas

47
Q

due to low iodine intake Low T-3 and T-4 levels. More prevelant in females during puberty Uncommon in the US

A

Endemic goiter

48
Q

autoimmune disorder which produces hyperthyoidism Protruding eyeballs, thickening of the skin on the feet Appears as a diffusely enlarged thyroid Increased color doppler due to overactivity of the gland

A

Graves Disease Hyperthyroidism

49
Q

heterogenous gland, increased color flow “thyroid inferno”

A

Graves Disease: Sonographic appearance Hyperthyroidism

50
Q

hypermetabolism, diffuse toxic goiter, exopthalamos

A

Graves Disease: Clinical Findings Hyperthyroidism

51
Q

women over 30

A

Graves Disease: more common in what gender and age Hyperthyroidism

52
Q

papillary, follicular, medullary

53
Q

may be isoechoic, hypoechoic, cystic or solid

A

Tumor characteristics

54
Q

multiple nodules are present

A

Risk of malignancy decreases when

55
Q

definitive diagnosis

A

FNA is necessary for

56
Q

4 glands 2 superior 2 inferior

A

Parathyroid

57
Q

PTH (parathormone) which maintains the proper calcium levels in the blood

A

Parathyroid secretes

58
Q

congenital,benign cysts located within the midline of the neck superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone Asymptomatic, although may become painful when inflammed

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst

59
Q

benign congenital cysts found most often near the angle of the mandible

A

Branchial cleft cysts

60
Q

Enlargement termed lymphadenopathy Greater than 1cm (Beth says 2cm) Can result from infections and malignancies May lose their normal hilar features and contain calcifications

A

Cervical Lymph nodes

61
Q

Performed by Radiologist Guided by ultrasound Cells read by Pathologist Results to endocrinologist

A

Thyroid FNA’s

62
Q

diffuse toxic hyperplasia (Graves Disease) Toxic Multinodular Goiter Toxic Adenoma makes up 99% of cases

A

Disorder associated with hyperthyroidism

63
Q

Thyroid enlargement

A

Nontoxic Simple Goiter Clinical Findings

64
Q

sometimes smooth, sometime nodular possible compressoin of surrounding tissue

A

Nontoxic Simple Goiter Sonographic Appearance

65
Q

Thyroidism Hypothyroidism Neoplasm

A

Nontoxic Simple Goiter Differential Considerations

66
Q

Thyroid Enlargment

A

Toxic Multinodular Goiter Clinical Findings

67
Q

enlarged inhomogeneous gland can have focal scarring, focal ischemia, necrosis, and cyst formation

A

Toxic Multinodular Goiter Sonographic Appearance

68
Q

Neoplasm Cyst

A

Toxic Multinodular Goiter Differential Consideration

69
Q

Diffuse toxic goiter

A

Graves Disease Clinical Findings

70
Q

Diffusely homogeneous and enlarge

A

Graves Disease Sonographic Findings

71
Q

Neoplasm Ophthalmopathy Cutaneous manifestation Hyperthyroidism

A

Graves Disease Differential Consideration

72
Q

swelling and tenderness of thyroid later hypthyroidism

A

Thyroidism Clinical Findings

73
Q

homogeneous enlargement with nodularity later inhomogeneous

A

Thyroidism Sonographic Appearacne

74
Q

Neoplasm

A

Thyroidism Differential Consideration

75
Q

solitary nodule or multiple nodule

A

Cyst Clinical Findings

76
Q

Anechoic areas, echogenic fluid, or moving fluid levels1

A

Cyst Sonographic Appearance

77
Q

Toxic multinodular goiter

A

Cyst Differential Consideration

78
Q

Usually euthyroid or hyperthyroid

A

Adenoma Clinical Findings

79
Q

Compression of adjacent structure fibrous encapsulation ranges from anechoic to hyperechoic may have a halo

A

Adenoma Sonographic Appearance

80
Q

Grave’s Disease

A

Adenoma Differential Consideration

ABD class 2 (19 decks)

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