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ABD class 2 > Reverse Common small parts pathology test > Flashcards

Reverse Common small parts pathology test Flashcards

1
Q

smooth rounded edges do not invade surrounding tissue rounded or oval long axis parallel to the chest wall isoechioc with normal breasat tissue

A

appearance of benign lesions of the breast

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2
Q

Reverse deck

irregular walls often spiculated margins which are finger like extensions extending out in numerous directions from the mass disrupt normal breast tissue and cause nipple retraction and skin dimpling due to pulling on coopers ligament sharp angular margins microlobulations taller tan wide hypoechoic with weak internal echoes

A

appearance of malignant lesions of the breast

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3
Q

Reverse deck

fibroadenoma growth stimulated with estrogen develop due to failure of the fibrous and epithelial cells to regress during the 2nd 1/2 of the menstrual cycle

A

most common benign breast tumor

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4
Q

Reverse deck

large rounded lobulations oval, homogenious, wider than tall

A

appearance of fibroadenoma

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5
Q

Reverse deck

changes from oval to round echogenic hilum becomes more difficult to detect same shape when you turn on it

A

appearance of malignant lymph node

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6
Q

Reverse deck

graves disease

A

most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism

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7
Q

Reverse deck

women over 30

A

graves disease affects

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8
Q

Reverse deck

hypoechoic gland with diffuse enlargement no discrete nodules intense color doppler-thyroid storm inferno

A

appearance of graves disease

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9
Q

Reverse deck

bulging eyes agitation weight loss

A

patient with graves disease

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10
Q

Reverse deck

radioactive ablation with lifelong supplements of sinthroid

A

treatment of graves disease

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11
Q

Reverse deck

hashimoto’s disease

A

most common form of thyroiditis

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12
Q

Reverse deck

affects middle aged women autoimmune disorder

A

hashimoto’s disease

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13
Q

Reverse deck

enlarged homogeneous hypoechic thyroid texture discrete nodules less common acute stage has less vascularity chronic stage will have increased color doppler when TSH elevates atrophic stage depicts small, heterogeneous gland that is hypovasvular

A

appearance of hashimoto’s disease

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14
Q

Reverse deck

variable size homogenous not necessarily associated with thyroid enlargement range from anechoic to hyperechoic commonly have a peripheral halo hyperfunctioning adenomas can have increased blood flow

A

appearance of thyroid adenoma

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15
Q

Reverse deck

variable sonographic appearance, usually enlarged, irregular, nodular, heterogeneous,and often not symmetrical most have similar appearance to thyroid adenomas, including halos and homogenous echogenicity nodules may also have cystic areas, calcifications an colloid cyst formation

A

appearance of mutinodular goiter (nodular hyperplasia)

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16
Q

Reverse deck

nodular hyperplasia (multinodular goiter)

A

most common thyroid abnormality

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17
Q

Reverse deck

cavernous hemangioma usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally

A

most common benign tumor of the liver

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18
Q

Reverse deck

hyperechoic and typically has posterior enhancement usually the right lobe and near the dome

A

appearance of cavernous hemangioma

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19
Q

Reverse deck

focal nodular hyperplasia women under 40 and asymptomatic

A

2nd most common benign mass of the liver

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20
Q

Reverse deck

most in right lobe hyper to iso echoic many have central scar

A

appearance of focal nodular hyperplasia

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21
Q

Reverse deck

fatty liver/fatty sparing

A

an acguired diffuse disorder resulting in an accumulation of triglycerides with the hepatocytes

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22
Q

Reverse deck

not always uniform and can present focal fatty liver (patchy distibution) focal sparing (mass like hypoechoic regions in and echogenic liver) often near the GB @ the porta hepatis, caudate lobe, and left lobe

A

appearance of fatty liver/fatty sparing

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23
Q

Reverse deck

liver echogenicity compared to right kidney

A

most important in making diagnosis of fatty liver

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24
Q

Reverse deck

riedels lobe

A

congenital varient of liver

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25
Q

Reverse deck

anterior projection of the liver extending to near the iliac crest not merely an elongated inferior posterior segment extending over the right kidney

A

appearance of riedels lobe

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26
Q

Reverse deck

metastatic disease

A

most common cancerous mass of the liver

27
Q

Reverse deck

GI including GB and pancreas, breast, and lung

A

metastatic disease of the liver most commonly from

28
Q

Reverse deck

hyperechoic, hypoechoic, bulls eye, calcified, cystic, diffuse

A

appearance of metastatic disease of liver

29
Q

Reverse deck

hepatocellular carcinoma common in men associated with w/ chronic cirrhosis and Hep B and C

A

primary metastatic desease of the liver

30
Q

Reverse deck

isoechoic with halo, cotton balls, or can loot like lots of cysts

A

appearance of hepatocellular carcinoma

31
Q

Reverse deck

ascites

A

accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

32
Q

Reverse deck

echo free fluid regions indented and shaped by the surrounding organs 1st fills pouch of douglas before is ascend to the paracolic gutters, major flow from the pelvis is via the right side small bowel loops sink and float within the fluid

A

appearance of ascites

33
Q

Reverse deck

hepatic cysts or liver cysts (IDK)

A

occur in 5% of people over the age 50 often seen in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney desease

34
Q

Reverse deck

smooth, thin, well defined walls round or oval anechoic increased posterior enhancement (though transmission) single or numerous

A

appearance of liver cyst

35
Q

Reverse deck

pancreatic adenocarcinoma most often in head and usually cause obstruction of CBD, GB, and hydrops and jaundice

A

irregular, hypoechoic lesion, dilated pancreatic duct, liver and para-aortic nodes

36
Q

Reverse deck

ABD pain back pain painless jaundice weight loss

A

symptoms of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

37
Q

Reverse deck

acute pancreatitis

A

pancreas appears inflamed and releases enzymes into the surrounding pancreatic tissue. Hypoechoic and edematous with irregular borders. Pancreatic duct may become enlarged

38
Q

Reverse deck

chronic pancreatitis

A

pancreas appears hyperechoic with echogenic foci andomly dispersed throughout the gland

39
Q

Reverse deck

pseudocysts

A

an accumulation of pancreatic fluid and necrotic debris confined by the retroperitoneum

40
Q

Reverse deck

acute pancreatitis chronic panreatitis pancreatic trauma pancreatic ductal obstruction pancreatic neoplasms

A

common causes of pseudocysts

41
Q

Reverse deck

ABD trauma

A

most common cause for pseudocysts in children

42
Q

Reverse deck

splenic calcifications (granulomatous infection)

A

focal lesions in the spleen resulting from previous infections

43
Q

Reverse deck

bright echogenic lesions with or without shadowing

A

appearance of granulomatous infection (splenic calcifications)

44
Q

Reverse deck

tuberculosis and histoplasmosis

A

most common cause of spenic calcifications (granulomatous infections)

45
Q

Reverse deck

accessory spleen

A

common congenital anomaly of the spleen

46
Q

Reverse deck

well circumcised typically rounded and isoechoic with the spleen typically found at the lower splenic pole or near the hilum

A

appearance of accessory spleen

47
Q

Reverse deck

column of bertin

A

priminent infolding of the renal cortex which indents the renal medullary. Columns have an echogenicity similar to renal paenchyma and are continous with the renal cortex. Do not distort the renal cortex

48
Q

Reverse deck

dromedary hump

A

bulge of the renal cortex that occurs on the lateral border of the kidney. more often on the left than the right. identical echogenicity as renal corted and can mimic a cortical tumor. Cortical border is intact and hump will contain normal appearing pyramid structures. Little bit of fat in hump

49
Q

Reverse deck

fetal lobulation

A

developmental varient seen more in children and sometimes in adults. Typical smooth cortical border appears indented or undulated between the calyces, giving the kidney surface a lobulated appearance. Cortical borders are still intact and parenchymal thickness is uniform through kidney. Cases of renal scarring and/or insufficiency will demonstrate cortical thinning

50
Q

Reverse deck

duplex collecting system

A

on both the long and transverse images the central renal sinus appears as two echogenic regions that are separated by a cleft or normal renal tissue. On continuous transverse imaging one image will appear to have no central medullary tissue only parenchymal tissue.

51
Q

Reverse deck

junctional defect

A

triangular echogenic area in the upper pole of renal cortex. Not to be confused with angiomyolipoma which is a round echogenic parenchymal mass found anywhere within the renal parenchyma

52
Q

Reverse deck

extrarenal pelvis

A

renal pelvis portion of the collecting system extends outside of the confines of the central renal sinus. Appears as a central cystic area that is either partially or entirely beyond the confines of the kidney

53
Q

Reverse deck

nephrolithiasis (kidney stone) more common in men

A

most common renal problem

54
Q

Reverse deck

echogenic foci with posterior acoustic shadowing stones within the cortex are easier to distinguish than stones within the medullary and prominent renal sinus. Fat with weak shadowing can mimic stones

A

appearance of nephrolithiasis

55
Q

Reverse deck

simple cortacle renal cyst

A

Smooth thin well defined walls round or oval anechoic (low level echoes = artifact Vs pathology) increases posterior acoustic enhancement can be single or numerous, found anywhere in the kidney (exophoc, parenchymal, or medullary

56
Q

Reverse deck

parapelvic cysts

A

cysts within the renal collecting system (medullary)

57
Q

Reverse deck

anechoic cyst located in the renal hilum will distort the renal sinus fat and does not communicate with the collecting system well defined but will have irregular borders caused from the compression of the adjacent renal sinus structures enlarge and cause renal obstruction

A

appearance of parapelvic cysts

58
Q

Reverse deck

obstructive hydornephrosis

A

fluid filled separation of the renal sinus with an appearance that conforms to the calyces and renal

59
Q

Reverse deck

1 small separation or splaying of the calyces 2 fluid extends into the major and minor calyces, bear claw effect, with minimal thinning of the cortex 3 massive dilation of the renal pelvis with significant loss of renal cortex

A

3 grades of obstructive hydronephrosis

60
Q

Reverse deck

renal dilation must have connecting calyces to by hydro important to follow the renal dilation as distal as possible in an attempt to determine the cause and location of the hydro

A

criteria for differentiating hydro from para pelvic cysts

61
Q

Reverse deck

nonobstructive hydronephrosis

A

dilation of the renal sinus and pelvis without an actual blockage of the flow of urine into the bladder

62
Q

Reverse deck

an overly distended bladder UTI or extrinsic blockage of the ureters and or bladder from retroperitoneal adenopathy pelvic masses/uterine fibroids pregnancy enlarged prostate

A

common causes of nonobstructive hydronephrosis

63
Q

Reverse deck

check for bilateral ureteral jets

A

what should you do when a dilation is noted

ABD class 2 (19 decks)

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