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ABD class 2 > chapter 10 > Flashcards

chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Affects the hepatocytes and interferes with liver function..

A

Diffuse hepatocellular disease

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2
Q

Is a parenchymal liver cell that performs all the functions ascribed to the liver.

A

Hepatocyte

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3
Q

Is an acquired, reversible disorder of metabolism, resulting in an accumulation of triglycerides

A

Fatty Infiltration

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4
Q

Normal to elevated hepatic enzymes elevated Alk Phos elevated Direct bilirubin

A

Fatty Infiltration Clinical findings

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5
Q 
Echogenicity
Attenuation 
Impaired visualization of borders of portal/hepatic structures (secondary to increased attenuation) Hepatomegaly 
May be patchy, inhomogeneous 
Focal sparing
A

Fatty Infiltration Sonographic findings

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6
Q

Hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Metastases

A

Fatty Infiltration differential considerations

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7
Q

Elevated AST, ALT
Elevated Bilirubin
Leukopenia

A

Acute Hepatitis Clinical findings

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8
Q 
Nonspecific and variable 
Normal to slightly elevated 
Echogenicity
Increased brightness of portal vein borders
Hepatosplenomegaly 
Increased thickness of gallbladder wall
A

Acute hepatitis Sonographic Findings

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9
Q

Fatty liver

A

Differential considerations Acute hepatitis

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10
Q

Elevated AST, ALT
Elevated bilirubin
Leukopenia

A

Chronic hepatitis Clinical findings

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11
Q

COarse hepatic parenchyma
Increased echogenicity
Decreased visualization brightness of portal triad
Fibrosis may produce soft shadowing

A

Chronic Hepatitis Sonographic findings

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12
Q

Cirrhosis

Fatty liver

A

Chronic Hepatitis Differential considerations

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13
Q

INcreased phos
Increased direct bilirubin
Increased AST, ALT
Leukopenia

A

Cirrhosis clinical findings

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14
Q 
Coarse liver parenchyma with nodularity 
Increased echogenicity 
Increased attenuation 
Decresasd vascular markings with acute cirrhosis 
Hepatosplenomegaly with ascites
Shrunken liver with chronic cirrhosis (also increased nodularity)
Regeneration of hepatic nodules 
Portal hypertension
A

Sonographic findings Cirrhosis

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15
Q

Fatty liver

Hepatitis

A

Cirrhosis Differential considerations

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16
Q

Disturbance of acid-base balance

A

Glycogen Storage Disease Clinical findings

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17
Q

Hepatomegaly
Increased echogenicity
Increased attenuation
Von Gierek’s adenoma (Round, homogeneous)

A

Glycogen Storage Disease Sonographic findings

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18
Q

Focal nodular hyperplasia

A

Glycogen Storage Disease differential considerations

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19
Q

Increased Iron levels in blood

A

Hemochromatosis clinical findings

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20
Q

Increased echogenicity throughout live

A

Sonographic findings Hemochromatosis

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21
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Differential considerations hemochromatosis

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22
Q 
Obesity 
Excessive alcohol intake (alcohol stimulates lipolysis
Poorly controlled hyperlididemia 
Diabetes mellitus
Excess corticosteriods 
Pregancy 
Total parenteral Hyperalimentation (nutrition) 
Severe hepatitis 
Glycogen storage disease 
Cystic fibrosis 
Pharmaceutical 
Chronic illness
A

Causes of fatty liver

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23
Q

Suspected portal hypertension secondary to liver disease
Portal vein compression thrombosis
Acute onset of hepatic vein occlusion (Budd-Chiari syndrome) constrictive pericarditis, or congestive heart failure with tricupsid regurgiatation
Congential, traumatic, or neoplastic arterioportal fistula

A

Indications for Portal hypertension

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24
Q

Develops when the normal venous channels become obstructed.

A

Collateral circulation

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25
Q

Ascites, right upper quadrant pain, hepatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome Clinical findings

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26
Q

Increased caudate lobe atrophy in right lobe of the liver

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome Sonographic findings

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27
Q

Portal hypertension

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome Differential considerations

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28
Q

N/A

A

Simple Hepatic cysts Clinical findings

29
Q 
Anechoic 
Thin Walls 
Well-defined borders 
Distal posterior enhancement 
May have calcification
A

Simple Hepatic cysts Sonographic findings

30
Q

Congenital
Hematoma
Necrotic tumor

A

Simple Hepatic cysts Differential considerations

31
Q

Autosomal dominant
25%-50% of patients with polycystic kidney disease have hepatic cysts
60%of patients with polycystic liver disease have associated PKD

A

Polycystic liver disease clinical findings

32
Q

Anechoic
Well defined borders
Increased acoustic enhancement
Multiple cysts throughout liver parenchyma

A

Polycystic Liver disease sonographic findings

33
Q 
Necrotic metastasis 
Echinococcal cyst
Hematoma 
Abscess
Hepatic cystadenocarcinoma
A

Polycystic Liver disease Differential considerations

34
Q

Increased white cell count
Abnormal LFT
Anemia

A

Pyogenic Abscess Clinical findings

35
Q 
Variable appearance 
Right central lobe most common site 
Hypoechoic to complex to hyperechoic when fluid level present 
Round to oval irregular 
Complex
A

Pyogenic Abscess Sonographic findings

36
Q

Amebic abscess
Echinococcal cyst
Hepatic candidiasis

A

Pyogenic Abscess differential considerations

37
Q

Increased WBC

Fever

A

Hepatic candidiasis clinical findings

38
Q

Multiple small hypoechoic masses with echogenic central core
“bulls-eye” lesions “wheel-within-wheel” pattern

A

Hepatic candidiasis sonographic findings

39
Q

Abscess
Echinococcal cyst
Metastases

A

Hepatic candidiasis differential considerations

40
Q

N/A

A

Chronic Granulomatous disease Clinical findings

41
Q

Poorly marginated
Hypoechoic
Posterior enhancement
May have calcification/shadowing

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease clinical sonographic findings

42
Q

Abscess

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease Differential Consideratioins

43
Q

Increased Leukocytes
Low fever
Abdominal pain and diarrhea

A

Amebic Abscess clinical findings

44
Q

Mass is variable
Round or oval; lack notable borders
Hypoechoic with debris

A

Amebic Abscess sonographic findings

45
Q

Pyogenic abscess
Echinococcal cyst
Hepatic candidiasis

A

Amebic Abscess differential considerations

46
Q

Increased WBC

History of sheep-farming exposure

A

Exhinococcal cyst clinical findings

47
Q 
Simple to complex cysts 
Acoustic enhancement 
Oval or spherical 
Calcification 
Honeycomb appearance/"water lily" sign
A

Echinococcal cyst sonographic findings

48
Q

Polycystic liver disease
Amebic abscess
Pyogenic abscess

A

Echinococcal cyst differential considerations

49
Q

Most common benign tumor of the liver

A

Cavernous Hemangioma

50
Q

Any new growth of new tissue, either benign or malignant

A

Neoplasm

51
Q

Small percentage may bleed; RUQ pain

More frequent in women

A

Cavernous Hemangioma Clinical findings

52
Q

Most are hyperechoic with enhancement
Round or Oval, well defined
Larger masses may show necrosis, degeneration, calcification

A

Cavernous Hemangioma sonographic findings

53
Q

Metastasis
Hepatoma (HCC)
Adenoma
Focal nodular hyperplasia

A

Cavernous Hemangioma Differential considerations

54
Q

RUQ pain when mass bleeds

A

Liver cell adenoma clinical findings

55
Q

Hyperechoic with central echogenic area caused by hemorrhage
Solitary or multiple
Fluid may be present

A

Liver cell adenoma Sonographic findings

56
Q

Hemangioma
Focal Nodular hyperplasia
Hepatoma (HCC)

A

Live cell adenoma differential considerations

57
Q

More frequent in women below 40

A

Focal nodular hyperplasia clinical findings

58
Q

Multiple, well defined with hyperechoic to isoechoic patters
Frequently found in right lobe of the liver

A

Focal nodular hyperplasia sonographic findings

59
Q

Hemangioma
Hepatoma (HCC)
Metastases
Adenoma

A

Focal Nodular hyperplasia differential considerations

60
Q

70% of patients have increased alpha-fetoprotein level

Abnormalities in liver function tests, with the indications of cirrhosis

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma clinical findings

61
Q 
Solitary, multiple 
Infiltrative, diffuse
HYpoechoic, isoechoic, or hyperechoic 
May invade hepatic veins 
Thrombus
A

Hepatocellular carcinoma sonographic findings

62
Q

Hemangioma

Metastases

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma differential considerations

63
Q

Abnormal LFTs
Jaundice
Hepatomegaly
Weight loss decreased appetite

A

Metastatic disease Clinical findings

64
Q

Hypoechoic or echogenic mass
Diffuse distortion of bull’s eye pattern
Solitary or multiple
well to ill defined

A

Metastatic disease sonographic findings

65
Q

Abscess
Hemangioma
Hepatoma (HCC)
Adenoma

A

Metastatic disease differential considerations

66
Q

Abnormal LFT

A

Lymphoma clinical findings

67
Q

Hypoechoic of diffuse patterns
Target or echogenic lesions
Intrahepatic and lucent multiple small, discrete solid lesions without enhancement

A

Lymphoma sonographic findings

68
Q

Hemangioma
HCC
metastases

A

lymphoma differential considerations

ABD class 2 (19 decks)

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