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SM Endocrine > Thyroid Pathology > Flashcards

Thyroid Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Are thyroids larger in men or women

A

Women

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2
Q

What is the thyroid composed of

A

Follicles- each follicle is surrounded by flat to cuboidal follicular epithelial cells

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3
Q

What is contained within the centre of each follicle

A

Thyroglobulin

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4
Q

What do C Cells (parafollicular cells) secrete

A

calcitonin

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5
Q

What are some embryological abnormalities of the thyroid

A

Failure of descent (lingual thyroid)
excessive descent (mediastinal mass)
Thyroglossal duct cyst

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6
Q

What are the amin 4 things that can go wrong with the thyroid

A

Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Goitre
Neoplasia

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7
Q

What are the triad of features in Grave’s disease

A

Hyperthyroidism with diffuse enlargement of the thyroid
Eye changes (exophthalmos)
Pretibial myxoedema

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8
Q

What genes are affected by Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

A

CTLA-4

PTPN-22

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9
Q

What does PTPN-22 do?

A

inhibits T cell function

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10
Q

What does CTLA-4 do ?

A

Negative regulator of T cell responses

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11
Q

What might Hashimoto’s thyroiditis be preceded by

A

transient hyper function (hashitoxicosis)

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12
Q

What is a goitre

A

any enlargement of the thyroid gland

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13
Q

What is the most common form of thyroid cancer

A

Papillary

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14
Q

What is a relatively rare cancerous tumour in the thyroid

A

Medullary THyroid Carcinoma

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15
Q

What does medullary carcinoma have an association with

A

amyloid

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16
Q

What is the treatment for a medullar carcinoma

A

Total thyroidectomy

17
Q

Who are at risk of developing an anapaestic carcinoma

A

Usually older patients

People with a history of differentiated thyroid cancer

18
Q

What can anapaestic carcinoma be mimicked by

A

An inflammatory condition

19
Q

What are parathyroid glands composed of ?

A

chief cells

20
Q

What do chief cells do

A

secrete PTH

act on Ca homeostasis

21
Q

What are the parathyroid glands supported by

A

oxyphil cells

22
Q

What can hyperplasia be associated with

A

both MENI and MENIIa

23
Q

How does secondary hyperparathyroidism occur

A

chronic hypocalcaemia cuases compensatory over activity of the parathyroid glands

24
Q

How does tertiary hyperparathyroidism occur

A

parathyroid activity becomes autonomous

SM Endocrine (27 decks)

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