Neck Lumps Flashcards
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle
Mandible superiorly,
midline medially
anteiror bored of the SCM laterally
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle
Posterior border of SCM anteriorly
Anterior border trapezius laterally
clavicle inferiorly
What are 3 causes of superficial swellings in the neck
Sebaceous cysts
Lipomas
Neurofibromas
What are 3 causes of midline swellings
Thyroid
Thyroglossal cyst
Dermoid cyst
Where is a dermoid cyst typically found
In the space of the suprasternal notch
What midline swelling will not move on swallowing
dermoid cyst
What swellings can appear in the anterior triangle
lymph nodes
branchial cyst
salivary glands
carotid body tumour (chemodacto)
What swellings can appear in the posterior triangle
Lymph nodes
Cystic hygroma
In what triangle, anterior or posterior, are things more likely to spread to
Anterior
What skin changes should be noted on neck examination
scars, pigmentation rashes spider naevi swellings
what things should we look for in a neck lump
position size shape mobility - does it move on swallowing? consistence (hard,soft) associated lymphadenopathy
What are cancerous neck tumours often described as
craggy mass
What are 3 causes of cervical lymphadenopathy
infective
malignant
haematological (leukaemia / lymphoma )
What are specific symptoms of cervical lymphadenopathy
hoarseness
cough
dyspnoea
What is some other relevant information to get from the patient in a history
Recent immigration or travel abroad
What investigations do we do for cervical lymphadenopathy
CXR
ENT opinion
FNA
Where can a thyroglossal cyst arise
any part of the thyroglossal tract
Thyroglossal cysts usually present in which age group
Teenage years
What is a dermoid cyst
A rare congenital cyst
Usually in teenage years
soft
nonfluctuant
Where do branchial cysts arise
In the upper part of the anterior triangle
What is the treatment for a cystic hygroma
Conservative, they should shrink with time
What are the 2 most problematic salivary glands
Parotid and submandibular glands
What salivary gland produces the most mucous
Submandibular
What salivary gland produces more serum
Parotid gland
