Drugs and their Targets in Type 2 diabetes mellitus Flashcards
How do current therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus act?
Increase secretion of insulin by dependent action
Decrease insulin resistance and reduce hepatic glucose output by insulin dependent action
Slow glucose absorption from the GI tract - insulin independent action
Enhance glucose excretion by the kidney
How do orlistats work
Actively block lipase in the GI that helps with weight loss.
What types of drugs increase the secretion of insulin
Sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors
What types of drugs decrease insulin resistance and reduce hepatic glucose output
Biguanides
Thiazolidinediones
What types of drugs slow the glucose absorption form the GI race
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
What types of drugs enhance glucose excretion by the kidney
Sodium-glucose type 2 inhbitors SGLT2 inhibitors
What allows glucose to diffuse down its concentration gradient
GLUT2 (the glucose transporter)
Why is it important for glucose to become phosphorylated by glucokinase
So the glucose-6-phosphate is ready for glycolysis in the mitochondria
What ultimately changes insulin release
The ratio of ATP:ADP
What causes the closure in K+ channels in the membrane
ATP
What charge leaves the cell when glucose levels are low
Positive charge leaving a negative charge in the beta cell causing it to be hyperpolarised
As ATP rises, the K+ channel closes, what happens to the charge in the cell
K+ doesn’t leave the cell and so we get depolarisation
What does depolarisation trigger
The opening of calcium dependent calcium channels
What is the octomeric complex composed of
4 potassium inward rectifier 6.2subunits and four sulphonylurea receptor subunits (SUR1)
What forms a potassium selective ion channel
Tetramer of Kir6.2 subunits
